{"id":25652,"date":"2019-04-29T15:21:00","date_gmt":"2019-04-29T12:21:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/?post_type=dd_publication&#038;p=25652"},"modified":"2024-03-05T15:24:42","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T12:24:42","slug":"avciligin-kuslar-uzerindeki-etkisi","status":"publish","type":"dd_publication","link":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/yayin\/avciligin-kuslar-uzerindeki-etkisi\/","title":{"rendered":"Avc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n Ku\u015flar \u00dczerindeki Etkisi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-20410 size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/birol-hatinogxxlu-elmabasxx-patka-2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20410\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Elmaba\u015f patka Foto\u011fraf: Birol Hatino\u011flu<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Bu rapor, 2019-2020 av sezonunda Merkez Av Komisyonu (MAK) taraf\u0131ndan MAK, \u0130l ve \u0130l\u00e7e Av Komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6revleri, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Esas ve Usullerine Dair Y\u00f6netmelik\u2019in 25. Maddesi gere\u011fi korunacak t\u00fcrlerin belirlenmesi amac\u0131yla MAK \u00fcyesi kurum, kurulu\u015f, sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve akademisyenleri bilgilendirmek ve nesli k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte tehlike alt\u0131nda olan t\u00fcrler konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ku\u015flara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden daha \u00e7ok ihtiyac\u0131m\u0131z var<br><\/strong>Ku\u015flar, binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r insanlar\u0131n ilgilerini, sevgilerini ve hayranl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu sevgi kimi zaman bir resim, kimi zaman bir \u015fark\u0131, kimi zaman ise bir dans fig\u00fcr\u00fc olarak kar\u015f\u0131m\u0131za \u00e7\u0131kmaktad\u0131r. Binlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r insanlar\u0131n ilgilerini, sevgilerini ve hayranl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 kazanan ku\u015flar, yaln\u0131zca g\u00f6rsel ve i\u015fitsel olarak bulunduklar\u0131 ortamlar\u0131 g\u00fczelle\u015ftirmekle kalm\u0131yor, do\u011fadaki bir\u00e7ok d\u00f6ng\u00fcn\u00fcn sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde devam etmesini sa\u011fl\u0131yor. Bu y\u00fczden bir ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn yok olmas\u0131 do\u011fam\u0131z\u0131n yok olmas\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyor. Hayat\u0131m\u0131z\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan ku\u015flar, bulunduklar\u0131 ekosistemlerdeki canl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini dengeliyor, tozla\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor, le\u015fleri ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131yor, tohumlar\u0131n sa\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 oluyor<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ku\u015flar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yok oluyor<br><\/strong>D\u00fcnya Do\u011fa Koruma Birli\u011fi (IUCN) taraf\u0131ndan ku\u015flar konusunda uzman bilim insanlar\u0131 ve D\u00fcnya Ku\u015flar\u0131 Koruma Kurumu (BirdLife) deste\u011fi ile haz\u0131rlanan K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Listeler\u2019in 1988 senesinden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadarki e\u011filim analizlerinin sonu\u00e7lar\u0131, ku\u015flar i\u00e7in yakla\u015fan tehlikeyi ortaya koyuyor. Yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin en az %40\u2019\u0131n\u0131n yani 3967 ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ciddi bir \u015fekilde azalmakta oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. Ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin %8\u2019inin n\u00fcfus e\u011filimleri konusunda bilgiler yeterli olmamakla birlikte yaln\u0131z %7\u2019sinin yani 653 ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn n\u00fcfusunun artt\u0131\u011f\u0131 raporlan\u0131yor (Grafik 1)<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BirdLife taraf\u0131ndan IUCN K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Liste verilerinin detayl\u0131 olarak de\u011ferlendirilmesi ile yap\u0131lan analizler, d\u00fcnya \u00fczerindeki ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin yakla\u015f\u0131k olarak %13\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn yani 1496 t\u00fcr\u00fcn k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte yok olma tehlikesinde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6steriyor (Grafik 2)<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Yok olu\u015fun en \u00f6nemli sebeplerinden biri avc\u0131l\u0131k<br><\/strong>Ku\u015flar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla yok olu\u015funun sebeplerinin ba\u015f\u0131nda, habitat kayb\u0131 ve bozulmas\u0131 ile avc\u0131l\u0131k geliyor. Ancak tehditler \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar g\u00f6steriyor ki,&nbsp; ku\u015flar daralan ya\u015fam ortamlar\u0131nda&nbsp; devam eden avc\u0131l\u0131k faaliyetlerinden olumsuz etkileniyor. Bilim insanlar\u0131 ve BirdLife\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar Akdeniz Havzas\u0131\u2019nda her sene 503 t\u00fcre ait -ki bu miktar Akdeniz Havzas\u0131\u2019nda bulunan t\u00fcrlerin %82\u2019sine denk gelmekte- 12 ila 38 milyon ku\u015fun avland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya koyuyor<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de durum daha da vahim<br><\/strong>Ge\u00e7mi\u015fte orta Anadolu\u2019da gerek Avrupa-Afrika g\u00f6\u00e7 yolunu kullanan binlerce ku\u015fun beslenme ve dinlenme alan\u0131 olan, gerekse bir\u00e7ok \u00f6rdek ve kaz t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00fcreme ve k\u0131\u015flama alan\u0131 olan Su\u011fla G\u00f6l\u00fc, Arap\u00e7ay\u0131r\u0131 \u00c7umra Ovas\u0131, G\u00fcven\u00e7 G\u00f6l\u00fc, Yarma Batakl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Hotam\u0131\u015f Sazl\u0131klar\u0131, Samsam G\u00f6l\u00fc, Karap\u0131nar Ovas\u0131 ve Ere\u011fli Sazl\u0131klar\u0131 ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz 40 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde tamamen yok oldu<sup>3<\/sup>. Orta Anadolu\u2019da halen varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcren ve yok olan sulak alanlar ile ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybeden ku\u015flar\u0131n \u00f6nemli toplanma, beslenme, \u00fcreme ve k\u0131\u015flama alan\u0131 olan Seydi\u015fehir Su\u011fla G\u00f6l\u00fc, Ilg\u0131n \u00c7avu\u015f\u00e7u G\u00f6l\u00fc, Ak\u015fehir G\u00f6l\u00fc genel avlak olarak tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu durum zaten do\u011fal ya\u015fam ortamlar\u0131 yok olan ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin son s\u0131\u011f\u0131naklar\u0131nda vurulmalar\u0131na sebep oluyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Nesli tehlike alt\u0131nda olan \u00fcveyik ve elmaba\u015f vuruluyor<br><\/strong>IUCN ve BirdLife\u2019\u0131n ortak yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Liste \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fayan yirmi ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn k\u00fcresel seviyede yok olma tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011funu ortaya koyuyor.<sup>4 <\/sup>(Ek 1). T\u00fcrkiye taraf oldu\u011fu 29\/08\/1996 tarihinde y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren Biyolojik \u00c7e\u015fitlilik S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin 6. ve 8. Maddesi ile bu t\u00fcrlerin tamam\u0131n\u0131 korumay\u0131 taahh\u00fct etmektedir<sup>5<\/sup>. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n bu t\u00fcrlerden ikisi, \u00fcveyik <em>Streptopelia turtur<\/em> ve elmaba\u015f patka <em>Aythya ferina<\/em> 11 May\u0131s 2018 tarih ve 17 numaral\u0131 2018-2019 Av D\u00f6nemi Merkez Av Komisyonu kararlar\u0131na g\u00f6re, 2018-2019 av sezonunda vurulmaya devam ediliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00dcveyik ve elmaba\u015f patka neden korunmal\u0131?<br><\/strong>\u00dcveyik, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de yaz mevsimi ve g\u00f6\u00e7 d\u00f6nemlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fclen yaz g\u00f6\u00e7meni bir t\u00fcrd\u00fcr<sup>6<\/sup>. \u00dcveyikler k\u0131\u015f\u0131 Sahra\u2019n\u0131n kuzey s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndaki Sahel hatt\u0131nda ge\u00e7irirler ve k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir h\u0131zla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmektedir<sup>7,8,9,10<\/sup>. T\u00fcr\u00fcn T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00fcreyen n\u00fcfuslar\u0131 Nisan ay\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda \u00fclkemize gelir ve Ekim ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131nda ayr\u0131l\u0131r<sup>6<\/sup>. T\u00fcr\u00fcn hem Avrupa hem de k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusu h\u0131zla k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmektedir<sup>11,8,12<\/sup>. K\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusun yakla\u015f\u0131k %41\u2019ini i\u00e7eren Avrupa\u2019da 2000-2015 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda n\u00fcfus %30-49 kadar k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<sup>8,11,12<\/sup>. K\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusu ise 1980\u2019den bu yana %78 gibi \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek bir oranda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<sup>13<\/sup>. T\u00fcr yay\u0131l\u0131m g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bir\u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede \u00e7ok ciddi n\u00fcfus kay\u0131plar\u0131 ya\u015famaktad\u0131r ve kimi \u00fclkelerde bu kay\u0131plar %90\u2019\u0131 a\u015fmaktad\u0131r<sup>11<\/sup>. \u00dcveyik T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kapsama alan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu fakat taraf olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 anla\u015fmalar olan Avrupa Birli\u011fi Ku\u015f Direktifi\u2019nin 2.ekine ve G\u00f6\u00e7men Hayvanlar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (CMS) ya da Bonn Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2.ekine g\u00f6re, bu anla\u015fmalara taraf olan t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde koruma alt\u0131ndad\u0131r<sup>12<\/sup>. Avrupa \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde ise 2015 y\u0131l\u0131 K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Liste de\u011ferlendirmesine g\u00f6re Hassas (VU) olarak belirlenmi\u015ftir<sup>8,11,12<\/sup>. K\u00fcresel \u00e7apta ise 2012 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar yap\u0131lan t\u00fcm K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Liste de\u011ferlendirmelerinin tamam\u0131nda Asgari Endi\u015fe (LC) olarak belirlenen \u00fcveyiklerin, 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirmede \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 bir n\u00fcfus k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmesi ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131 fark edilmi\u015f ve bu sebeple K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Liste kategorileri Hassas (VU) olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir<sup>12<\/sup>. \u00dcveyik en g\u00fcncel de\u011ferlendirme olan 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmesine g\u00f6re hala k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte Hassas (VU) kategorisindedir<sup>12<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elmaba\u015f patka T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de g\u00f6r\u00fclen k\u0131smen g\u00f6\u00e7men, k\u0131smen yerli bir dal\u0131c\u0131 \u00f6rdek t\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fcr<sup>6<\/sup>. Elmaba\u015f patka \u00e7ok geni\u015f bir yay\u0131l\u0131m alan\u0131na ve g\u00f6rece b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusa sahip olsa da son y\u0131llarda k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusta ya\u015fanan keskin k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclmeler t\u00fcr\u00fcn IUCN taraf\u0131ndan 2015\u2019den bu yana Hassas (VU) olarak listelenmesine sebep olmu\u015ftur<sup>14<\/sup>. T\u00fcr\u00fcn k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfus e\u011filimi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir<sup>15<\/sup> ve yap\u0131lan en g\u00fcncel tahminlere g\u00f6re t\u00fcr\u00fcn k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusu 1998-2012 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda %34, 2006-2016 y\u0131llar\u0131 aras\u0131nda ise %35 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr<sup>16<\/sup>. T\u00fcr\u00fcn k\u00fcresel n\u00fcfusunun ciddi bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan ve \u00fclkemizin de i\u00e7inde oldu\u011fu g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu n\u00fcfusu ise 3 nesil gibi k\u0131sa bir s\u00fcrede %30-49 oran\u0131nda azalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r<sup>17<\/sup>. Yap\u0131lan en g\u00fcncel tahminlere g\u00f6re T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki \u00fcreyen n\u00fcfus gerilemi\u015ftir ve 2000-2012 y\u0131llar\u0131ndaki net de\u011fi\u015fim %70-89 azalma y\u00f6n\u00fcndedir<sup>17,18<\/sup>. Elmaba\u015f patka, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin kapsama alan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu fakat taraf olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Afrika ve Avrasya G\u00f6\u00e7men Su Ku\u015flar\u0131 Koruma S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi\u2019nin (AEWA) 7.versiyonunun 2.ekine, Avrupa Birli\u011fi Ku\u015f Direktifi\u2019nin 2.ekine ve G\u00f6\u00e7men Hayvanlar\u0131n Korunmas\u0131 Anla\u015fmas\u0131 (CMS) ya da Bonn Anla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 2.ekine g\u00f6re, bu anla\u015fmalara taraf olan t\u00fcm \u00fclkelerde koruma alt\u0131ndad\u0131r<sup>14<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>De\u011ferlendirme<br><\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de Tar\u0131m ve Orman Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 Do\u011fa Koruma ve Milli Parklar Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan temsil edilen ve d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde nesilleri yok olmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin belirlenmesinde uluslararas\u0131 bir otorite olan IUCN taraf\u0131ndan nesli k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte yok olma tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya oldu\u011fu a\u00e7\u0131k bir \u015fekilde ifade edilen \u00fcveyik ve elmaba\u015f patkan\u0131n vurulmas\u0131na devam edilmektedir. \u00dcveyik i\u00e7in \u00fcreme ve yavru b\u00fcy\u00fctme mevsimlerinin tamam\u0131n\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde, 2018-2019 av sezonunda a\u011fustos ve ocak aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir av g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, bir avc\u0131n\u0131n 5 taneye kadar \u00fcveyik vurulmas\u0131 serbest b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu durum, d\u00fcnyaya gelmi\u015f \u00fcveyik yavrular\u0131n\u0131n daha k\u0131\u015flama alanlar\u0131na ula\u015famadan, \u00f6m\u00fcrlerinde bir defa \u00fcreyemeden vurulmalar\u0131na sebep olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elmaba\u015f patka i\u00e7in 2018-2019 av sezonunda, ekim ve mart aylar\u0131 aras\u0131nda, bir av g\u00fcn\u00fcnde, bir avc\u0131n\u0131n 6 bireye kadar elmaba\u015f patka vurmas\u0131na izin verilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Merkez Av Komisyonu, \u201cMerkez Av Komisyonu, \u0130l ve \u0130l\u00e7e Av Komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6revleri, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Esas ve Usullerine Dair Y\u00f6netmelik\u201din 25. Maddesi ile kendisine atfedilen \u201cKorunacak Av Hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131n Belirlenmesi\u201d g\u00f6revini yerine getirmemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vurulacak canl\u0131lar\u0131n t\u00fcrleri ve hangi canl\u0131n\u0131n ne say\u0131da vurulaca\u011f\u0131 konusunda d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde nesilleri yok olmaya y\u00fcz tutmu\u015f canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin belirlenmesinde uluslararas\u0131 bir otorite olan IUCN\u2019in T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki faaliyetlerini y\u00fcr\u00fcten IUCN Ulusal Komitesi\u2019nin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri al\u0131nmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>MAK kararlar\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde vurdurulmas\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclen canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin n\u00fcfus b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckleri ve e\u011filimleri ile ilgili t\u00fcrlere y\u00f6nelik bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar ve izleme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131lmamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcm bu sebeplerle nesli k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte tehlike alt\u0131nda olan \u00fcveyik <em>Streptopelia turtur <\/em>ve elmaba\u015f patka <em>Aythya ferina <\/em>ava kapat\u0131lmal\u0131 ve nesli k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte tehlike alt\u0131nda olan t\u00fcrlerin av\u0131 tamamen yasaklanmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kaynaklar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[1]Whelan, C., Wenny, D., Marquis, R. (2008). Ecosystem Services Provided by Birds. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1134. 25-60. 10.1196\/annals.1439.003.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[2]BirdLife International (2018) State of the world\u2019s birds: taking the pulse of the planet. Cambridge, UK: BirdLife International.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[3]Eken, G., Bozdo\u011fan, M., \u0130sfendiyaro\u011flu, S., K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7, D.T., Lise, Y. 2006. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00d6nemli Do\u011fa Alanlar\u0131, Ankara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[4]http:\/\/datazone.birdlife.org\/species\/results?cty=214&amp;rlCR=Y&amp;rlEN=Y&amp;rlVU=Y&amp;rec=N&amp;vag=N<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[5]https:\/\/www.tbmm.gov.tr\/tutanaklar\/TUTANAK\/TBMM\/d20\/c010\/tbmm20010089ss0054.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[6]Kirwan, G., Demirci, B., Welch, H., Boyla, K., \u00d6zen, M., Castell, P., &amp; Marlow, T. (2010). The birds of Turkey. Bloomsbury Publishing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[7]Baptista, L.F., Trail, P.W., Horblit, H.M., Boesman, P., Sharpe, C.J., Kirwan, G.M. &amp; Garcia, E.F.J. (2019). European Turtle-dove (<em>Streptopelia turtur<\/em>). In: del Hoyo, J., Elliott, A., Sargatal, J., Christie, D.A. &amp; de Juana, E. (eds.). Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Lynx Edicions, Barcelona. (retrieved from https:\/\/www.hbw.com\/node\/54149 on 8 April 2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[8]BirdLife International. 2015. European Red List of Birds. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[9] Boutin, J. M., &amp; Lutz, M. (2007). Management plan for turtle dove (<em>Streptopelia turtur<\/em>) 2007\u20132009. European Commission. Luxembourg.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[10] Lorm\u00e9e, H., Boutin, J.-M., Pinaud, D., Bidault, H. &amp; Eraud, C. (2016). Turtle Dove <em>Streptopelia turtur <\/em>migration routes and wintering areas revealed using satellite telemetry. Bird Study 63(3): 425\u2013429.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[11]BirdLife International (2019) Species factsheet: <em>Streptopelia turtur<\/em>. Downloaded from http:\/\/www.birdlife.org on 08\/04\/2019. Recommended citation for factsheets for more than one species: BirdLife International (2019) IUCN Red List for birds. Downloaded from http:\/\/www.birdlife.org on 08\/04\/2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[12]BirdLife International 2017. <em>Streptopelia turtur <\/em>(amended version of 2017 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22690419A119457869. http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T22690419A119457869.en. Downloaded on 08 April 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[13]PECBMS (2015), Trends of common birds in Europe, 2015 Update. Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme. European Bird Census Council, Prague and BirdLife International, Cambridge, UK. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ebcc.info\/index.php?ID=587\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ebcc.info\/index.php?ID=587<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[14]BirdLife International 2017. <em>Aythya ferina <\/em>(amended version of 2016 assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017: e.T22680358A110610804.&nbsp; http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.2305\/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T22680358A110610804.en. Downloaded on 23 March 2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[15]Wetlands International (2019). &#8220;Waterbird Population Estimates&#8221;. Retrieved from wpe.wetlands.org on Wednesday 27 Mar 2019<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[16]Folliot, B., Guillemain, M., Champagnon, J., &amp; Caizergues, A. (2018). Patterns of spatial distribution and migration phenology of common pochards <em>Aythya ferina <\/em>in the Western Palearctic: a ring-recoveries analysis. Wildlife biology, 2018(1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[17]BirdLife International. (2015). European Red List of Birds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>[18]Fox, A. D., Caizergues, A., Banik, M. V., Devos, K., Dvorak, M., Ellermaa, M., &amp; H\u00e5land, A. (2016). Recent changes in the abundance of Common Pochard Aythya ferina breeding in Europe. Wildfowl, 66(66), 22-40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ek 1<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de bulunan nesli k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte yok olma tehlikesi ile kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olan ku\u015f t\u00fcrleri;<br>Dikkuyruk<br>Sibirya kaz\u0131<br>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sakarca<br>Kadife \u00f6rdek<br>Yaz \u00f6rde\u011fi<br>Elmaba\u015f patka<br>Kulakl\u0131 bata\u011fan<br>\u00dcveyik<br>Toy<br>Yakal\u0131 toy<br>Yelkovan<br>Kelaynak<br>S\u00fcrmeli k\u0131zku\u015fu<br>\u0130nce gagal\u0131 kervan\u00e7ullu\u011fu<br>Kara bacakl\u0131 mart\u0131<br>K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck akbaba<br>B\u00fcy\u00fck orman kartal\u0131<br>Bozk\u0131r kartal\u0131<br>\u015eah kartal<br>Uludo\u011fan<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image wp-image-20412 size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/uxxveyik-fahri--tuncxx-2-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-20412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/uxxveyik-fahri--tuncxx-2-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/uxxveyik-fahri--tuncxx-2-300x200.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/uxxveyik-fahri--tuncxx-2-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/uxxveyik-fahri--tuncxx-2-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/uxxveyik-fahri--tuncxx-2-2048x1366.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u00dcveyik Foto\u011fraf: Fahri Tun\u00e7<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":29321,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":""},"dd_publication_tag":[412,400],"dd_publication_cat":[392],"class_list":["post-25652","dd_publication","type-dd_publication","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","dd_publication_tag-avcilik","dd_publication_tag-kus","dd_publication_cat-rapor"],"acf":{"dd_publication_url":"","dd_publication_url_source":{"label":"Ba\u011flant\u0131","type":"url","formatted_value":""},"dd_publication_date":"","dd_publication_date_source":{"label":"Yay\u0131n Tarihi","type":"number","formatted_value":""}},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/avciligin-kuslar-uzerine-etkisi-teknik-rapor.jpg",849,1200,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/avciligin-kuslar-uzerine-etkisi-teknik-rapor-300x300.jpg",300,300,true],"medium":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/avciligin-kuslar-uzerine-etkisi-teknik-rapor-212x300.jpg",212,300,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/avciligin-kuslar-uzerine-etkisi-teknik-rapor-768x1086.jpg",768,1086,true],"large":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/avciligin-kuslar-uzerine-etkisi-teknik-rapor-724x1024.jpg",724,1024,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/avciligin-kuslar-uzerine-etkisi-teknik-rapor.jpg",849,1200,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/avciligin-kuslar-uzerine-etkisi-teknik-rapor.jpg",849,1200,false]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"A. Erdem \u015eent\u00fcrk","author_link":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/author\/erdem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Bu rapor, 2019-2020 av sezonunda Merkez Av Komisyonu (MAK) taraf\u0131ndan MAK, \u0130l ve \u0130l\u00e7e Av Komisyonlar\u0131n\u0131n G\u00f6revleri, \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Esas ve Usullerine Dair Y\u00f6netmelik\u2019in 25. Maddesi gere\u011fi korunacak t\u00fcrlerin belirlenmesi amac\u0131yla MAK \u00fcyesi kurum, kurulu\u015f, sivil toplum \u00f6rg\u00fct\u00fc ve akademisyenleri bilgilendirmek ve nesli k\u00fcresel \u00f6l\u00e7ekte tehlike alt\u0131nda olan t\u00fcrler konusunda fark\u0131ndal\u0131k olu\u015fturmak amac\u0131yla haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ku\u015flara d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcm\u00fczden&hellip;","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dd_publication\/25652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dd_publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/dd_publication"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/29321"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"dd_publication_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dd_publication_tag?post=25652"},{"taxonomy":"dd_publication_cat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/dd_publication_cat?post=25652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}