\u00d6nemli Ku\u015f Alanlar\u0131, ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin nesillerini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilmeleri i\u00e7in, \u00f6zel anlam ta\u015f\u0131yan co\u011frafyalard\u0131r. \u00d6nemli Ku\u015f Alanlar\u0131 uluslararas\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7ekte \u00f6neme sahip olup, ku\u015flar\u0131n di\u011fer canl\u0131 ve ekosistemlerle birlikte devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamay\u0131 ama\u00e7lamaktad\u0131r. Bu alanlar, BirdLife International taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen bilimsel kriterlere g\u00f6re se\u00e7ilmektedir. \u00d6nemli Ku\u015f Alan\u0131 (\u00d6KA) kavram\u0131 alt\u0131ndaki iki ana yakla\u015f\u0131mdan biri olan hassasl\u0131k (vulnerability) kriteri, nesli d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde tehlike alt\u0131nda bulunan ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin \u00f6nemli pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n bar\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131 alanlar\u0131n belirlemesinde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Di\u011fer kriter ise benzersizlik (irreplaceability) kriteridir. Bu kriter dar yay\u0131l\u0131\u015fl\u0131 t\u00fcrler, tek bir biyoma ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 t\u00fcrler ve yo\u011funla\u015fan t\u00fcrler i\u00e7in \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131yan alanlar\u0131 belirlemek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ilk \u00d6nemli Ku\u015f Alan\u0131 (\u00d6KA) envanteri 1980\u2019lerin sonuna do\u011fru yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve 78 \u00d6KA belirlenmi\u015ftir (Ertan ve ark. 1989). \u0130kincisi 1990\u2019lar\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru 97 \u00d6KA\u2019y\u0131 kapsayacak \u015fekilde geli\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir (Magnin ve Yarar 1997). Sonralar\u0131 bu bilgiler g\u00fcncellenip \u201cT\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00d6nemli Ku\u015f Alanlar\u0131 2004 G\u00fcncellemesi\u201d ad\u0131nda \u00f6zet bir envanter olarak yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r (K\u0131l\u0131\u00e7 ve Eken 2004). Bu g\u00fcncellemeyle \u00d6KA say\u0131s\u0131 184\u2019e y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. \u015e\u00fcphesiz bu say\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck etkenler T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ku\u015flara y\u00f6nelik bilimsel ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n ve ku\u015f g\u00f6zlemcisi say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n art\u0131\u015f\u0131d\u0131r. \u00d6KA\u2019lar yaln\u0131zca ku\u015flar i\u00e7in de\u011fil, bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 di\u011fer canl\u0131 topluluklar\u0131na da ev sahipli\u011fi yapmas\u0131yla Anadolu\u2019nun korumada \u00f6ncelikli ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in emsal te\u015fkil etmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6KA\u2019lar hakk\u0131nda daha kapsaml\u0131 bilgiler ise Do\u011fa Derne\u011fi taraf\u0131ndan geli\u015ftirilen \u00d6nemli Do\u011fa Alanlar\u0131 (\u00d6DA) kitab\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00d6KA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 kapsam\u0131nda elde edilen deneyimler, bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmayla, ku\u015flarla birlikte bitkiler, memeliler, s\u00fcr\u00fcngenler, \u00e7ift ya\u015faml\u0131lar, i\u00e7 su bal\u0131klar\u0131, kelebekler ve k\u0131zb\u00f6ceklerini i\u00e7erecek \u015fekilde geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir. \u00d6DA \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131n temeli, canl\u0131 t\u00fcrlerinin, sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 topluluklar olu\u015fturup, ya\u015fam d\u00f6ng\u00fclerini devam ettirmelerine dayanmaktad\u0131r (Eken ve ark. 2006).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Do\u011fa Derne\u011fi\u2019nin Anadolu genelindeki koruma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, \u00d6KA\u2019lar\u0131n ve \u00d6DA\u2019lar\u0131n belirlenmesini ve envanterlerinin haz\u0131rlanmas\u0131n\u0131, alanlar\u0131n ku\u015f g\u00f6zlemcileri ve topluluklar\u0131yla birlikte izlenmesini, alanlar\u0131n tan\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 ve alanlardaki yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 giri\u015fimlere kar\u015f\u0131 savunma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 kapsamaktad\u0131r. Halihaz\u0131rda T\u00fcrkiye’de 184 \u00d6KA tan\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015f olmakla birlikte, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan \u00d6KA g\u00fcncelleme projesi sonucunda bu say\u0131n\u0131n artaca\u011f\u0131 tahmin edilmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d6KA kriterlerinin \u00f6zeti <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n A. K\u00fcresel \u00d6l\u00e7ekte \u00d6nemli Alanlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n A1: Alan, nesli d\u00fcnya \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde tehlike alt\u0131nda olan ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinden (CR, EN, VU, NT) bir ya da daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nemli A2: Alan, d\u00fcnya da\u011f\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 50 bin kilometrekareden daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan bir ya da daha \u00e7ok dar yay\u0131l\u0131\u015fl\u0131 t\u00fcr\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir A3: Alan, d\u00fcnya pop\u00fclasyonlar\u0131n\u0131n tamam\u0131 ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tek bir biyom i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan ku\u015f t\u00fcrlerinin \u00f6nemli birliklerini i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n A4: Alan, belirli d\u00f6nemlerde topluluklar halinde yo\u011funla\u015fan bir ya da birka\u00e7 ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn d\u00fcnya pop\u00fclasyonunun %1\u2019inden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B. Avrupa \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011finde \u00d6nemli Alanlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n B1: Alan, belirli d\u00f6nemlerde topluluklar halinde yo\u011funla\u015fan bir ya da birka\u00e7 su ku\u015fu t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, g\u00f6\u00e7 yolu ya da ba\u015fka bir belirgin alt pop\u00fclasyonunun %1\u2019inden fazlas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fczenli olarak bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B2\/3: Alan, nesli Avrupa \u00f6l\u00e7e\u011finde koruma \u00f6nceli\u011fine sahip olan bir t\u00fcr i\u00e7in \u00fclkedeki en \u00f6nemli alanlardan biridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C. Avrupa Birli\u011fi \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011finde \u00d6nemli Alanlar<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00dc\u0130K\u2019in belirledi\u011fi her NUTS b\u00f6lgesindeki \u00f6nemli be\u015f alandan
say\u0131larda ve d\u00fczenli olarak bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
pop\u00fclasyonunu bar\u0131nd\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
biri.<\/p>\n\n\n\n