{"id":19730,"date":"2018-11-24T14:51:18","date_gmt":"2018-11-24T11:51:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/?p=19730"},"modified":"2024-02-14T16:12:50","modified_gmt":"2024-02-14T13:12:50","slug":"kuslar-icin-sigla-ormanlari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/kuslar-icin-sigla-ormanlari\/","title":{"rendered":"Ku\u015flar \u0130\u00e7in S\u0131\u011fla Ormanlar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Toparlar, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz, Mu\u011fla. Genel orman g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fc. Foto\u011fraf: Okan \u00dcrker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bug\u00fcne kadar s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131nda ortanca a\u011fa\u00e7kakan, ye\u015fil a\u011fa\u00e7kakan, sar\u0131asma, orman \u00e7ullu\u011fu, gri bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l, b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015ftankara, ispinoz, alakarga, karatavuk, ard\u0131\u00e7, \u00e7\u0131vg\u0131n, ak kuyruksallayan, k\u0131z\u0131lgerdan, kara k\u0131z\u0131lkuyruk, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bata\u011fan, \u015fahin, alaca bayku\u015f, g\u00f6kkuzgun, sakarmeke, b\u00fclb\u00fcl, saka ve florya gibi farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere adapte olmu\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 farkl\u0131 ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc kaydedildi.<\/em><\/p>\n

Anadolu do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 merak eden herkesin bir \u015fekilde ucundan k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndan hikayesini bildi\u011fi, tan\u0131\u015fmak istedi\u011fi s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n esasen \u015fimdiye kadar bilinenleri buzul da\u011f\u0131n\u0131n g\u00f6r\u00fcnen k\u0131sm\u0131 kadar. Anadolu s\u0131\u011fla a\u011fac\u0131 (Liquidambar orientalis) T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin g\u00fcneybat\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ve k\u0131smen Rodos Adas\u0131 ile K\u0131br\u0131s Adas\u0131\u2019nda yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren ve d\u00fcnyada ba\u015fka hi\u00e7bir yerde bulunmayan relikt (kal\u0131nt\u0131) endemik bir a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Dere boylar\u0131nda ve taban suyu y\u00fcksek alanlarda gruplar halinde veya tek tek g\u00f6r\u00fclen bu a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fc, Ayd\u0131n \u00c7ine \u00c7ay\u0131 ile Hatay Asi Nehri aras\u0131nda kalan k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde par\u00e7a par\u00e7a ya\u015f\u0131yorken, yo\u011funlukla Mu\u011fla\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde yer alan Marmaris, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz, Ula, G\u00f6kova, Dalaman, Ortaca ve Fethiye il\u00e7elerinde koruluklar veya orman par\u00e7alar\u0131 \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fclmekle birlikte sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 bi\u00e7imde yo\u011funla\u015farak orman olu\u015fturabildi\u011fi en \u00f6nemli yer K\u00f6yce\u011fiz Dalyan \u00d6zel \u00c7evre Koruma B\u00f6lgesi (\u00d6\u00c7KB). Orman olu\u015fturdu\u011fu alanlar; e\u011fimin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oldu\u011fu veya tamamen d\u00fcz zeminlerde mutlak surette y\u00fcksek taban suyu, derelerin ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 verimli al\u00fcviyal topraklar, nem, bol ya\u011f\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa sahip olmal\u0131 Bu isteklerinden dolay\u0131 S\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131 y\u0131l boyunca suyun hi\u00e7 eksik olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve b\u00fcnyesinde batakl\u0131klar\u0131n da yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u00e7e\u015fit su basar orman ekosistemi \u00f6zelli\u011fi sergilemekte.<\/p>\n

S\u0131\u011fla Ormanlar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n alan\u0131 1949\u2019da 6.312 hektar iken (Hu\u015f, 1949), 1987\u2019de 1.337 hektara d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr (\u0130kt\u00fceren ve Acar, 1987). G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise yap\u0131lan plantasyon \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli koruma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sonucunda yakla\u015f\u0131k 2 bin hektar civar\u0131nda bir s\u0131\u011fla orman\u0131 varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n

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Foto\u011fraf: Okan \u00dcrker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Kalan bu miktar\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 60’l\u0131k b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc ise (yakla\u015f\u0131k 770 hektar) K\u00f6yce\u011fiz Dalyan \u00d6zel \u00c7evre Koruma B\u00f6lgesi s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda bulunuyor. Bahsi ge\u00ad\u00e7en orman varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 Anadolu’nun toplam orman varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan yakla\u015f\u0131k 21 milyon hektar ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u00add\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n okyanusta bir su dam\u00adlas\u0131 bile olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k bi\u00e7imde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

60 Milyon y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnya \u00fczerinde ya\u015fayan bu relikt (kal\u0131nt\u0131) a\u011fa\u00e7 t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bilimsel ad\u0131 Liquidambar orientalis; \u2018liquid (\u0130ngilizce) s\u0131v\u0131’, ‘ambar (arap\u00e7a) ho\u015f koku’, ‘orientalis (\u0130ngilizce) do\u011fu’ yani “ho\u015f kokulu s\u0131v\u0131” anlam\u0131na geliyor. Bu ad\u0131 almas\u0131ndaki en \u00f6nem\u00adli neden ise a\u011fac\u0131n g\u00f6vdesinin yaralanmas\u0131 sonucu elde edilen bir t\u00fcr re\u00e7ine, balzam olan s\u0131\u011fla ya\u011f\u0131. Ya\u011f, y\u00fczlerce y\u0131ld\u0131r alternatif t\u0131pta mide rahats\u0131zl\u0131k\u00adlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nlenmesi; cilt, deri rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131n gide\u00adrilmesi; kozmetik sekt\u00f6r\u00fcnde parf\u00fcmlerde bulunan u\u00e7ucu ya\u011flar\u0131 tutarak kokunun daha kal\u0131c\u0131 olmas\u0131 amac\u0131y\u00adla kullan\u0131lmakta olan de\u011ferli bir odun d\u0131\u015f\u0131 orman \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6relerde “g\u00fcnl\u00fck a\u011fac\u0131” olarak da tan\u0131n\u00admas\u0131 bu ya\u011f\u0131n \u00fcretimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda geriye kalan kabu\u011funun (buhur) t\u00fcts\u00fc olarak cenazelerde, iba\u00addethanelerde ve psikolojik rahats\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olanlar i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lmas\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor. \u00c7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131 ho\u015f ko\u00adkunun iyile\u015ftirici etkisinden dolay\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli zaman\u00adlarda terapi orman\u0131 gibi kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 a\u011fac\u0131n yaln\u0131zca maddi de\u011fil manevi anlamda da \u00f6nemli oldu\u011funu g\u00f6steriyor. \u00d6zellikle cenazeler s\u0131ras\u0131nda yak\u0131lan t\u00fcts\u00fc kabu\u011fundan \u00e7\u0131kan duman\u0131n; \u00f6l\u00fcn\u00fcn ruhunun \u00f6l\u00fcms\u00fczl\u00fc\u011fe yani ruhlar alemine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u00ad\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sembolize etmesi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan bu a\u011fac\u0131n kutsal\u00adl\u0131\u011f\u0131na i\u015faret ediyor. \u00d6te yandan y\u00f6re halklar\u0131 naza\u00adr\u0131nda a\u011fac\u0131n kutsall\u0131\u011f\u0131na en somut \u00f6rnek; nevruz gecelerinde Marmaris, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz ve Fethiye’de ka\u00add\u0131nlar\u0131n bu ormanlara giderek bulduklar\u0131 ya\u015fl\u0131 s\u0131\u011fla a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na sar\u0131l\u0131p “Al maraz\u0131m\u0131 (dert) ver guvat\u0131m\u0131 (kuvvet).” diyerek bu a\u011fa\u00e7tan dilekte bulunmalar\u0131.<\/p>\n

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S\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131, Ekincik, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz, Mu\u011fla. Foto\u011fraf: Okan \u00dcrker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu kadar farkl\u0131 \u00f6zellik ve de\u011feri bir arada ta\u015f\u0131ma\u00ads\u0131na ra\u011fmen, a\u011fac\u0131n g\u00f6vdesinden elde edilen ya\u00ad\u011f\u0131n uzun y\u0131llar kimya sanayinde fiksat\u00f6r (sabitleyici) olarak kullan\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan kimyasal fiksat\u00f6rlerin yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla birlikte ekonomik \u00f6nemini kaybetmesine neden olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Eskiden T\u00fcrkiye’de 20 ton dolaylar\u0131nda s\u0131\u011fla ya\u011f\u0131 elde edilirken, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n azalmas\u0131yla y\u0131lda ancak 3-4 ton s\u0131\u011fla ya\u011f\u0131 elde edilebili\u00adyor. Ya\u011fa, yurt i\u00e7inden ve yurt d\u0131\u015f\u0131ndan yo\u011fun talep olmakla beraber, yeterli miktarda \u00fcretim olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in bu talep kar\u015f\u0131lanam\u0131yor. 2000’li y\u0131llarla birlikte art\u0131k parf\u00fcmeri sanayinde sentetik fiksat\u00f6rler kul\u00adlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan eskiden olan talepler azalm\u0131\u015f ve s\u0131\u011fla ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimi 1 tona kadar d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bu \u00fcretimin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu ka\u00e7ak yollarla bilin\u00e7sizce devam etmekte ve kalan s\u0131\u011fla orman par\u00e7alar\u0131nda bask\u0131y\u0131 artt\u0131rmakta.<\/p>\n

Fakat bu ormanlar\u0131n yok olu\u015fun e\u015fi\u011fine gelmesin\u00addeki esas fakt\u00f6r 1950\u2019lerden g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze sistematik bi\u00e7imde geli\u015fen kentle\u015fme politikalar\u0131 sonucu kent\u00adlerin g\u0131da ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak \u00fczere k\u0131rsaldaki orman alanlar\u0131n\u0131n tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi olarak bahsedilebilir. \u015e\u00f6yle ki taban suyu y\u00fcksek, tar\u0131ma son derece elveri\u015fli yerlerde yeti\u015fti\u011fi i\u00e7in Anadolu s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131 kesilerek veya orman topraklar\u0131 drene edilip kurutularak narenciye bah\u00e7ele\u00adrine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Yak\u0131n zamanda narenciye \u00fcreticili\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra bu araziler turizm tehdidi al\u00adt\u0131nda da kalmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

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S\u0131\u011fla ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimi. Foto\u011fraf: Okan \u00dcrker<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra drenaj, kurakl\u0131k ve su rejiminin bo\u00adzulmas\u0131 gibi sebeplerden dolay\u0131 Anadolu s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131nda tuzlanma ve kurumalar da ya\u015fan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Tarihsel s\u00fcre\u00e7te y\u00f6redeki toplumsal yap\u0131n\u0131n \u015fekil\u00adlenmesinde de \u00f6nemli roller oynam\u0131\u015f olan Anadolu s\u0131\u011fla a\u011fac\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde neredeyse yok olu\u015fun e\u015fi\u00ad\u011fine gelmi\u015f olup, bu \u00f6zel durumu nedeniyle IUCN Tehlike Kategorileri’ne g\u00f6re haz\u0131rlanan listede, “Do\u00ad\u011fada Orta Vadeli Gelecekte Y\u00fcksek Tehdit Alt\u0131nda Olan T\u00fcrler” kategorisinde yer al\u0131yor (Ekim ve di\u011f., 2000). Yine bu \u00f6zel durumu nedeniyle, 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda EUFORGEN taraf\u0131ndan “De\u011ferli Yaprakl\u0131lar” kategorisine al\u0131narak, Avrupa \u00e7ap\u0131nda korunacak bir t\u00fcr olarak kabul ediliyor (Alan ve Kaya, 2003). Anadolu s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131 bu \u00f6zel durumu ve nadirli\u011finin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, bar\u0131nd\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 ekolojik, ekonomik ve sosyolojik \u00f6nemleri ve \u00f6zellikleri hep birlikte ele al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda bir hassas orman ekosistemi \u00f6zelli\u011fi de g\u00f6stermek\u00adte olup bu durum da acil ve \u00f6zel koruma \u00f6nlemleri\u00adnin al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektirmekte (\u00dcrker, 2014).<\/p>\n

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S\u0131\u011fla ya\u011f\u0131 \u00fcretimi sonucu yaralanm\u0131\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lar.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Bu \u00f6zel ormanlara ili\u015fkin yap\u0131labilecek en do\u011fru ve kal\u0131c\u0131 koruma metodu ise son y\u0131llarda d\u00fcnyada yeni yeni kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015flanan ve par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f orman\u00adlarda olduk\u00e7a etkili sonu\u00e7lar sunan koridor meto\u00addunun tatbik edilmesi. Par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f ve ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131 kopmu\u015f s\u0131\u011fla orman\u0131 par\u00e7alar\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede yok olu\u00adyor. S\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde ya\u015fanan par\u00e7alanma s\u00fcreci ya orman i\u015fgallerinin devam etmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak direkt yok olu\u015f \u015feklinde ya da drenaj kanal\u00adlar\u0131 yoluyla taban suyunun d\u00fc\u015fmesine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak dolayl\u0131 yollardan ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyor. Biyolojik koridorlar ise orman par\u00e7alar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki yap\u0131y\u0131 tekrardan g\u00fc\u00e7lendiriyor. Koridorlar ile birle\u015ftirilen orman k\u00fc\u00admeleri aras\u0131nda genetik \u00e7e\u015fitlilik korunmu\u015f, bu yol\u00adla t\u00fcrlerin ya\u015fama kapasiteleri ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcrebilirlikleri art\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oluyor. Orman k\u00fcmeleri aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011f\u00adlant\u0131lar\u0131n sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ya da var olan ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00fc\u00e7lendirilmesi ekoloji ve arazi koruma planlamalar\u0131nda \u00f6nemli bir yere sahip.<\/p>\n

2010 y\u0131l\u0131ndan bu yana \u00f6ncelikle K\u00f6yce\u011fiz-Dalyan \u00d6\u00c7KB’nde ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z koruma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 za\u00adman i\u00e7erisinde Marmaris, Fethiye, Dalaman ve G\u00f6kova’ya geni\u015fleterek son 6 y\u0131lda bir\u00e7ok a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131r\u00adma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 (toplamda yakla\u015f\u0131k 10 bin S\u0131\u011fla fidan\u0131), koruma eylem plan\u0131, doktora tezi, ara\u015ft\u0131rma projeleri, makaleler, bilimsel toplant\u0131larda sunumlar, S\u0131\u011fla Festivalleri, S\u0131\u011fla \u00c7al\u0131\u015ftay\u0131 ve \u00e7e\u015fitli fark\u0131ndal\u0131k artt\u0131rma eylemlerinin ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilmesine \u00f6nc\u00fc\u00adl\u00fck ediyoruz. Bu koruma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fc\u00adlebilirli\u011fini sa\u011flamak ve etkisini artt\u0131rmak amac\u0131yla y\u00f6redeki \u00e7e\u015fitli kamu kurum ve kurulu\u015flar\u0131, STK’lar, \u00fcniversiteler, belediyeler ve g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerden meyda\u00adna gelen S\u0131\u011fla \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma Grubu\u2019nun olu\u015fturulmas\u0131na vesile olduk.<\/p>\n

Ancak bunca y\u0131ld\u0131r yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z onlarca \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaya ra\u011fmen, s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek anlamda ya\u015famlar\u0131na devam edebilmelerinin yegane yolu \u00e7ok basit bir \u015fekilde yukar\u0131da bahsi ge\u00e7ti\u011fi \u00fczere bu parampar\u00e7a olmu\u015f orman dokular\u0131n\u0131n a\u011fa\u00e7lardan yamalar \u015feklinde kurulacak koridorlar vas\u0131tas\u0131yla mevcut alanlar\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fletebilmesine ba\u011fl\u0131. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 maalesef o kadar basit de\u011fil. Zira par\u00e7alanm\u0131\u015f orman dokular\u0131n\u0131n yerini y\u0131llar i\u00e7erisinde tapulu veya 2B i\u015fgal tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 alm\u0131\u015f durumda. Bu alanlar\u0131n gerisin geriye devlet eliyle al\u0131nmas\u0131 ise g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki politik yap\u0131 g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcne al\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131nda pratikte hemen hemen imkans\u0131z.<\/p>\n

Bu olumsuz duruma kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k \u2013her ne kadar k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ula\u015fmas\u0131 zor g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir hedef olsa da- ad\u0131m at\u0131labilecek bir \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm yolu da a\u00e7\u0131k. Bu yol, basit\u00e7e i\u015fgal edilmi\u015f bu arazilerin maddi kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6denmesi yoluyla sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131p yeniden ormana d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclmesi.<\/p>\n

Sonucunda bu alanlara \u00f6zel orman vasf\u0131 kazand\u0131r\u0131larak, olu\u015fturulacak koridorlar\u0131n hem m\u00fclkiyet hem de y\u00f6netim a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 garanti alt\u0131na al\u0131nabilir. T\u00fcm bu ger\u00e7eklerden hareketle, NATURA Do\u011fa ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Koruma Derne\u011fi\u2019ni, bu \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm \u00f6nerisini hayata ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere y\u00f6rede uzun y\u0131llard\u0131r mesai yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z dostlar\u0131m\u0131zla birlikte ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz y\u0131l faaliyete ge\u00e7irdik.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u0130kinci s\u0131\u011fla a\u011fac\u0131 dikimi festivali, Fethiye.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Son iki y\u0131ld\u0131r bu ormanlardan en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 30 hektar, en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 250 hektar b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde olan Fethiye, Dalaman, Ortaca, K\u00f6yce\u011fiz, G\u00f6kova ve Marmaris dolaylar\u0131nda bulunan 10 adet farkl\u0131 (do\u011fal, yar\u0131 do\u011fal ve plantasyon; insan eliyle dikilmi\u015f) par\u00e7ada \u00e7e\u015fitli yaban hayat\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftiriyoruz. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmada esas oda\u011f\u0131m\u0131z memeli hayvanlar olsa da mantar, bitki, k\u0131z b\u00f6ce\u011fi, kelebek, amfibi, s\u00fcr\u00fcngen ve ku\u015f gibi canl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n\u0131 da d\u00fczenli olarak izlemeye gayret ediyoruz. Ara\u015ft\u0131rman\u0131n ana gayesini \u00f6ncelikle bu kendine has orman ekosistemine adapte olmu\u015f canl\u0131 gruplar\u0131n\u0131n biyolojik ve davran\u0131\u015f \u00f6zelliklerini de dikkate alarak envanterlerini ortaya \u00e7\u0131karmak olu\u015fturuyor. \u00d6nem araz eden di\u011fer bir mesele ise, olu\u015fturmay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z koridorlar\u0131n s\u00fcksesyon (kademeli de\u011fi\u015fim) s\u00fcre\u00e7lerini inceleyerek yaban hayat\u0131n\u0131 ne \u015fekilde etkileyeceklerini tespit edebilmek. Son olarak yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda her canl\u0131 grubu i\u00e7in bu ormanlara y\u00f6nelik indikat\u00f6r (g\u00f6sterge) t\u00fcrleri tespit ederek, bu t\u00fcrlerin izlenmesi yoluyla orman\u0131n gelece\u011fine y\u00f6nelik kestirimde bulunmak.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcg\u00fcne kadar s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131nda ortanca a\u011fa\u00e7kakan, ye\u015fil a\u011fa\u00e7kakan, sar\u0131asma, orman \u00e7ullu\u011fu (l\u00f6ke\u015fe), gri bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l, b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015ftankara, ispinoz, alakarga, karatavuk, ard\u0131\u00e7, \u00e7\u0131vg\u0131n, ak kuyruksallayan, k\u0131z\u0131lgerdan, kara k\u0131z\u0131lkuyruk, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bata\u011fan, \u015fahin, alaca bayku\u015f, g\u00f6kkuzgun, sakarmeke, b\u00fclb\u00fcl, saka ve florya gibi farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere adapte olmu\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 farkl\u0131 ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc kaydedildi. Esasen bu rakam farkl\u0131 habitatlar ile k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, t\u00fcr zenginli\u011fi a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan \u00e7ok zay\u0131f kal\u0131yor. \u00c7al\u0131\u015fma yap\u0131lan alanlar birbirleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ise \u00e7e\u015fitlilik katsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck, benzerlik katsay\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ise \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bu durum ise s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131n\u0131n stabil biyo-ekolojik yap\u0131s\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki y\u0131ll\u0131k g\u00f6zlemlerin \u0131\u015f\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, S\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in ku\u015flar \u00fczerinden g\u00f6sterge t\u00fcrleri olarak; ye\u015fil a\u011fa\u00e7kakan ve sar\u0131asma, bu ormanlar\u0131n en do\u011fal, par\u00e7alanmam\u0131\u015f ve en az tahribata u\u011fram\u0131\u015f b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerinde rastlan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n

Kaynaklar:<\/p>\n

Alan, M., & Kaya, Z. (2003). Orientai Sweet Gum (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.). EUFORGEN Technical Guidelines.<\/p>\n

Ekim, T., ve di\u011f., 2000. T\u00fcrkiye Bitkileri K\u0131rm\u0131z\u0131 Listesi, (Red Data Book of Turkish Plants) (Pteridophyta and Angiospermae). T\u00fcrkiye Tabiat\u0131n\u0131 Koruma Derne\u011fi, Van 100. Y\u0131l \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 246 Syf, Ankara.<\/p>\n

Hu\u015f, S., 1949. Re\u00e7ine ve S\u0131\u011fla Ya\u011f\u0131 Elde Etme Metotlar\u0131. Tar\u0131m Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, OGM Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, \u00d6zel Say\u0131: 36.<\/p>\n

\u0130kt\u00fceren, \u015e., & Acar, \u0130., 1987. S\u0131\u011fla A\u011faa’n\u0131n (Liquidambar orientalis Mill.) Do\u011fal Yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131, S\u0131\u011fla Ya\u011f\u0131 \u00dcretimi ve Pazarlamas\u0131. Ormanc\u0131l\u0131k Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc Yay\u0131nlar\u0131 Dergi Serisi, Cilt 33, Say\u0131 2, No:66, Syf. 7-15.<\/p>\n

\u00dcrker, O., 2014. \u00c7evre Eti\u011fi Ba\u011flam\u0131nda Anadolu S\u0131\u011fla Ormanlar\u0131. Yay\u0131nlanmam\u0131\u015f Doktora Tezi, Ankara \u00dcniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Ensti\u00adt\u00fcs\u00fc, VIII + 325 Syf., Ankara.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131: Ekolog Dr. Okan \u00dcrker, NATURA Do\u011fa ve K\u00fclt\u00fcr Koruma Derne\u011fi<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131\u00a0Ku\u015f Sesi<\/a>\u00a0dergisinin \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Bug\u00fcne kadar s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131nda ortanca a\u011fa\u00e7kakan, ye\u015fil a\u011fa\u00e7kakan, sar\u0131asma, orman \u00e7ullu\u011fu, gri bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l, b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015ftankara, ispinoz, alakarga, karatavuk, ard\u0131\u00e7, \u00e7\u0131vg\u0131n, ak kuyruksallayan, k\u0131z\u0131lgerdan, kara k\u0131z\u0131lkuyruk, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bata\u011fan, \u015fahin, alaca bayku\u015f, g\u00f6kkuzgun, sakarmeke, b\u00fclb\u00fcl, saka ve florya gibi farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere adapte olmu\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 farkl\u0131 ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc kaydedildi. Anadolu do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 merak eden herkesin bir \u015fekilde ucundan […]<\/p>\n

Daha Fazlas\u0131n\u0131 Oku… from Ku\u015flar \u0130\u00e7in S\u0131\u011fla Ormanlar\u0131<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":19741,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[60],"tags":[450],"class_list":["post-19730","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-haber","tag-kus"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/33-kuslar-icin-sigla-ormanlari-toparlar-koycegiz-mugla-genel-orman-gorunumu-scaled.jpg",2560,1700,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/33-kuslar-icin-sigla-ormanlari-toparlar-koycegiz-mugla-genel-orman-gorunumu-300x300.jpg",300,300,true],"medium":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/33-kuslar-icin-sigla-ormanlari-toparlar-koycegiz-mugla-genel-orman-gorunumu-300x199.jpg",300,199,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/33-kuslar-icin-sigla-ormanlari-toparlar-koycegiz-mugla-genel-orman-gorunumu-768x510.jpg",768,510,true],"large":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/33-kuslar-icin-sigla-ormanlari-toparlar-koycegiz-mugla-genel-orman-gorunumu-1024x680.jpg",1024,680,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/33-kuslar-icin-sigla-ormanlari-toparlar-koycegiz-mugla-genel-orman-gorunumu-1536x1020.jpg",1536,1020,true],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/33-kuslar-icin-sigla-ormanlari-toparlar-koycegiz-mugla-genel-orman-gorunumu-2048x1360.jpg",2048,1360,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"A. Erdem \u015eent\u00fcrk","author_link":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/author\/erdem\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Bug\u00fcne kadar s\u0131\u011fla ormanlar\u0131nda ortanca a\u011fa\u00e7kakan, ye\u015fil a\u011fa\u00e7kakan, sar\u0131asma, orman \u00e7ullu\u011fu, gri bal\u0131k\u00e7\u0131l, b\u00fcy\u00fck ba\u015ftankara, ispinoz, alakarga, karatavuk, ard\u0131\u00e7, \u00e7\u0131vg\u0131n, ak kuyruksallayan, k\u0131z\u0131lgerdan, kara k\u0131z\u0131lkuyruk, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bata\u011fan, \u015fahin, alaca bayku\u015f, g\u00f6kkuzgun, sakarmeke, b\u00fclb\u00fcl, saka ve florya gibi farkl\u0131 \u00f6zelliklere adapte olmu\u015f yakla\u015f\u0131k 50 farkl\u0131 ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fc kaydedildi. Anadolu do\u011fas\u0131n\u0131 merak eden herkesin bir \u015fekilde ucundan…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19730","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19730"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19730\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19741"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19730"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19730"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19730"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}