{"id":3807,"date":"2015-02-06T18:51:06","date_gmt":"2015-02-06T16:51:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dogaaskina.local\/?p=3807"},"modified":"2015-02-06T18:51:06","modified_gmt":"2015-02-06T16:51:06","slug":"coban","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/coban\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7oban"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"HB_MAG002_COBAN_008O-001\"<\/a><\/p>\n

G\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kapat, kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7!<\/p>\n

Uzun ve geni\u015f vadinin yama\u00e7lar\u0131 alabildi\u011fine b\u00fcy\u00fck ve ya\u015fl\u0131 zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla kapl\u0131. A\u011fa\u00e7lardan ikisi dip dibe bir kaya kenar\u0131ndan f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, beriki onlardan y\u00fcz metre uzakta \u00f6teki, bir tepenin s\u0131rt\u0131nda, tek ba\u015f\u0131na. Sanki \u015fu vadiyi kaplayan sahipli zeytinlikler de\u011fil de zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bir orman. G\u00fcz ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 vadiye d\u00fc\u015feli birka\u00e7 hafta olmu\u015f olmam\u0131\u015f ki yaz boyu sar\u0131 bedenleriyle yeri kaplayan otlar \u00e7oktan kaybolmu\u015f. Onlar\u0131n yerini zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda p\u00fcr\u00fczs\u00fcz bir hal\u0131 gibi uzanan geni\u015f \u00e7imenlikler alm\u0131\u015f. Siz deyin z\u00fcmr\u00fct, ben diyeyim bir bebe\u011fin g\u00f6zbebe\u011fi. \u00c7imenler, zeytinlerin mat yapraklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda \u0131\u015f\u0131l \u0131\u015f\u0131l par\u0131ld\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

\u201cBir zamanlar buradaki zeytin ve karde\u015fi me\u015fe a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131nda alageyik ve da\u011f ke\u00e7ileri otlard\u0131. Dere yata\u011f\u0131 boyunca ince uzun bir yol \u00e7izerek k\u0131vr\u0131lan \u00e7\u0131nar ormanlar\u0131 karacalar\u0131n yurduydu.\u201d Do\u011fa Derne\u011fi\u2019nden Biyolog Burak \u00d6zk\u0131rl\u0131 Seferihisar\u2019\u0131n kadim zeytinliklerini i\u015faret ederken b\u00fcy\u00fck ot\u00e7ul hayvanlar\u0131n \u00f6nemini anlat\u0131yor. \u201cDo\u011fadaki canl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi \u00f6teden beri yaban\u0131l ot\u00e7ullarla birlikte \u015fekillendi. Geyikler, yaban ke\u00e7ileri ve di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck ot\u00e7ullar bu co\u011frafyadaki canl\u0131lar\u0131n belki de en \u00f6nemli var olu\u015f nedeni. Otlama olmazsa bu vadideki orkidelerin, kertenkelelerin, say\u0131s\u0131z ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn, hatta me\u015fe ve zeytinlerin bile ya\u015famas\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ot\u00e7ul hayvanlar bitkileri yerken ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u011fa\u00e7lar aras\u0131ndaki a\u00e7\u0131k alanlar\u0131n devaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131yor. \u015eayet bir b\u00f6lgede yeterince otlama yoksa \u00e7al\u0131lar h\u0131zla bu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar\u0131 dolduruyor, orman do\u011fal halinden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 s\u0131kla\u015f\u0131yor. Bu nedenle pek \u00e7ok t\u00fcr ya\u015fam alan\u0131n\u0131 kaybediyor.\u201d<\/p>\n

Burak \u00d6zk\u0131rl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n tarif etti\u011fi bu manzara, birka\u00e7 korunan alan hari\u00e7 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her yerinde ve elbette Anadolu\u2019da da \u00e7oktan kayboldu. Geyikler, yaban ke\u00e7ileri ve di\u011fer ot\u00e7ullar binlerce y\u0131l avland\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131ndan tamamen silindi veya \u00e7ok azald\u0131.<\/p>\n

Bu yok olu\u015f beraberinde \u00e7ok daha b\u00fcy\u00fck bir y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131 getirebilirdi. Yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm do\u011fal meralar\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kaybolabilir ve b\u00fcy\u00fck ot\u00e7ullarla birlikte ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f milyonlarca canl\u0131n\u0131n nesli bir anda t\u00fckenebilirdi. Ne var ki b\u00f6yle olmad\u0131. Bir meslek deyin ya da bir ki\u015fi: O, sessiz sedas\u0131z ve tek ba\u015f\u0131na, gezegenin kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fabilece\u011fi en b\u00fcy\u00fck yok olu\u015f s\u00fcre\u00e7lerinden birini engelledi; onun ad\u0131: \u00c7oban.<\/p>\n

\u00c7oban uykusu<\/p>\n

Bu duyguyu hayat\u0131mda ilk ve b\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla son kez hissettim. O gece yata\u011f\u0131m b\u00fct\u00fcn yerk\u00fcreydi. Toros\u2019un da\u011f\u0131 odam, orman ve ke\u00e7ilerse arkada\u015f\u0131md\u0131. S\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc bekleyen \u00e7obanlar gibi ben de \u00e7ad\u0131ra girmemi\u015f, a\u00e7\u0131k alanda ke\u00e7ilerin aras\u0131na k\u0131vr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131m. Bedenimi topraktan ince bir \u015filte ay\u0131r\u0131yordu. Musa, bu gece \u00fczerine \u00fc\u00e7 kat \u00f6rt\u00fc verdik hocam, \u00fc\u015f\u00fcmezsin, dedi g\u00fclerek; birincisi k\u0131l pike, ikincisi y\u00fcn yorgan, \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fcs\u00fc y\u0131ld\u0131zlar…<\/p>\n

Musa Candan, Toros\u2019un son Sar\u0131ke\u00e7ili \u00e7obanlar\u0131ndan biri. \u201c\u00c7oban uyurken g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kapar, kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ar.\u201d Uyurken de ses dinlenebilece\u011fini o gece Musa\u2019dan \u00f6\u011frendim. \u201cBiz bir g\u00f6\u00e7te kurdun kendini ya g\u00f6r\u00fcr\u00fcz ya g\u00f6rmeyiz. Fakat hayalini her gece ya\u015far\u0131z. B\u00f6yle olmasa sabah olmadan s\u00fcr\u00fc kurda ku\u015fa yem olur\u201d. O gece \u00fc\u00e7 \u00e7oban s\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ayr\u0131 yerlerine da\u011f\u0131ld\u0131. Hi\u00e7 konu\u015fmadan yapt\u0131klar\u0131 i\u015fb\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc sabaha kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n i\u00e7inden gelen en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u00e7\u0131t\u0131rt\u0131 bile tepkisiz kalmad\u0131. Bir biri, bir \u00f6teki, sonra \u015furadaki ama mutlaka biri tetikteydi. Neyse ki \u00e7\u0131t\u0131rt\u0131lar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri kurt de\u011fildi. Bense gece boyunca Musa\u2019n\u0131n son s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm: \u201cUyku bir geceli\u011fine \u00f6lmektir hocam. Bu y\u00fczden biz uykuya \u2018k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00f6l\u00fcm\u2019 deriz\u201d.<\/p>\n

Orman\u0131n dostu ke\u00e7i<\/p>\n

Toroslar\u2019da Y\u00f6r\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn tarihi binlerce y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine uzan\u0131yor. Musa Candan\u2019\u0131n par\u00e7as\u0131 oldu\u011fu Sar\u0131ke\u00e7ili Y\u00f6r\u00fckleri bu k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn devam\u0131 ve son halkalar\u0131ndan biri. B\u00f6lgenin y\u00f6r\u00fckleri, ad\u0131 \u00fczerinde, ke\u00e7i g\u00fcd\u00fcyor. Ke\u00e7iyse Toros Da\u011flar\u0131\u2019n\u0131n hayvan\u0131. Evcille\u015ftirilmesi yedi ila sekiz bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine dayan\u0131yor. Toroslar\u2019da da\u011f ke\u00e7isinin yerini yava\u015f yava\u015f evcil ke\u00e7iler al\u0131yor ve da\u011f ke\u00e7ileri insanlardan uzak sarp b\u00f6lgelere \u00e7ekiliyor. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin Akdeniz havzas\u0131nda otlat\u0131lan evcil k\u0131l ke\u00e7isiyse zaman i\u00e7erisinde do\u011fan\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131 oluyor.<\/p>\n

Anadolu\u2019nun di\u011fer yerleri de Akdeniz\u2019e benziyor; ne var ki her b\u00f6lgedeki ke\u00e7i \u0131rk\u0131 farkl\u0131. Orta Anadolu\u2019nun Karadeniz\u2019e bakan bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda tiftik ke\u00e7isi, Konya, Isparta ve Antalya \u00fc\u00e7geninde b\u00fcy\u00fck c\u00fcsseli Honaml\u0131 Ke\u00e7isi, Do\u011fu Karadeniz\u2019de Hem\u015fin Ke\u00e7isi, G\u00fcneydo\u011fu\u2019da Kilis Ke\u00e7isi ve belki de hen\u00fcz ad\u0131 konmam\u0131\u015f daha nice ke\u00e7i \u0131rk\u0131 yaban k\u00f6klerinin, da\u011f ke\u00e7isinin g\u00f6revini devam ettiriyor. Orman\u0131, orman yap\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Peki ormanda ke\u00e7i olmazsa ne olur? Basit. Orman kereste tarlas\u0131 olur. Bug\u00fcn art\u0131k ke\u00e7ilerin orman\u0131 yok etti\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesinden vazge\u00e7ildi. Ne var ki bu \u00f6nyarg\u0131 nedeniyle ke\u00e7iler elli y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre kendi anavatanlar\u0131ndan, Anadolu ormanlar\u0131ndan uzak tutuldu. \u0130ki y\u0131l \u00f6nceyse Orman Genel M\u00fcd\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, otlatma planlar\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ke\u00e7ilerin yeniden ormanlarda dola\u015fmas\u0131na izin verdi. Peki yanl\u0131\u015f neredeydi?<\/p>\n

Orman bize \u00f6\u011fretildi\u011fi gibi yan yana a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n dizildi\u011fi bir yer de\u011fil. Orman, a\u011fa\u00e7tan \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131. A\u011fa\u00e7sa ormanda ya\u015fayan pek \u00e7ok canl\u0131dan sadece biri. Ku\u015flar, b\u00f6cekler, domuzlar, ay\u0131lar ve elbette ke\u00e7iler de orman\u0131n olmazsa olmaz\u0131. Orman\u0131n ta kendisi: T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de ke\u00e7i ve \u00e7obanlar\u0131n orman d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131, kimsenin \u00f6ng\u00f6remedi\u011fi \u00fc\u00e7 b\u00fcy\u00fck do\u011fa felaketini tetikledi: Tek tip ormanlar, yang\u0131nlar ve erozyon. Ba\u015fka bir c\u00fcmleyle gezegenin \u00e7obanlar sayesinde te\u011fet ge\u00e7ti\u011fi yok olu\u015f s\u00fcreci, Anadolu\u2019da son elli y\u0131lda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Hem de ormanlar\u0131 koruma gerek\u00e7esiyle.<\/p>\n

Ke\u00e7ilerin \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131yla Anadolu ormanlar\u0131 hi\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 kadar tek tiple\u015fti. T\u00fcm Ege ve Akdeniz havzalar\u0131 kereste de\u011feri y\u00fcksek k\u0131z\u0131l\u00e7amlarla kapland\u0131, ancak me\u015fe ormanlar\u0131, boylu ve al\u00e7ak makilikler b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda kayboldu. Onlarla birlikte say\u0131s\u0131z otsu bitkinin, \u00f6rne\u011fin orkidelerin ve pek \u00e7ok hayvan t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn nesli azald\u0131. Gevenler ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131rkuyruklar\u0131 gibi gen merkezi Anadolu olan pek \u00e7ok bozk\u0131r bitkisinin da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclerek yol kenarlar\u0131ndaki hafriyat alanlar\u0131na s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n

Orman\u0131n \u00e7obandan kopar\u0131lmas\u0131 ba\u015fka a\u011f\u0131r sonu\u00e7lar da do\u011furdu. Biri, yang\u0131nlar… Gittik\u00e7e s\u0131kla\u015fan ve sadece k\u0131z\u0131l \u00e7amdan olu\u015fan ormanlar, tek kibritle yan\u0131p k\u00fcl olacak kadar hassas hale geldi. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc ate\u015fi yayan kuru otlarla beslenen ve yang\u0131n \u00f6nleyici bo\u015fluklar olu\u015fturan ke\u00e7iler \u00e7oktan gitmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n

Hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 otlatmak i\u00e7in orman ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131yla tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki bozuk ormanlara s\u0131k\u0131\u015fan \u00e7obanlar, \u00e7ok say\u0131da hayvan\u0131 son derece k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir alanda beslemek zorunda kald\u0131. Ke\u00e7iler ve mera aras\u0131ndaki kantar\u0131n topuzu bu sefer de \u00f6teki uca kayd\u0131: Erozyon. Topra\u011f\u0131 kucaklayan ot ve \u00e7al\u0131lar a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 otlatma nedeniyle ya\u015fayamaz oldu. Otlar topra\u011f\u0131 terk etti, topraksa \u00fczerinde birikti\u011fi kayalar\u0131. Kayd\u0131 gitti; as\u0131rlar boyu geri gelmemek \u00fczere.<\/p>\n

Elli y\u0131l sonra devlet ormana giri\u015fe yeniden izin verdi. Ne var ki art\u0131k i\u015f i\u015ften ge\u00e7mi\u015fti. \u00c7obanl\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck g\u00f6r\u00fclen, gelece\u011fi olmayan bir meslekti.<\/p>\n

\u00c7obana k\u0131z verilir mi?<\/p>\n

\u201cBabam \u00e7obanc\u0131l\u0131k yap\u0131yordu. Ben de k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckken \u00e7ok gezdim onunla. \u015eu da\u011flar\u0131 kar\u0131\u015f kar\u0131\u015f bilirim. Asl\u0131nda en g\u00fczel i\u015f \u00e7obanc\u0131l\u0131k, bakma sen. Fakat olmaz. Ben yapay\u0131m desem kimse izin vermez.\u201d \u0130zmir\u2019in bir da\u011f k\u00f6y\u00fcnden O\u011fuz Kand\u0131r \u00e7obanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 b\u00f6yle anlat\u0131yor. Neden diye sordu\u011fumda yan\u0131t\u0131 \u00e7ok basit: \u201cGelece\u011fi yok abi, sigortas\u0131 yok; s\u00fct para eder, etmez. Her \u015fey yeme bindi. Her yer dikim (a\u011fa\u00e7land\u0131rma yap\u0131lan yerleri kast ediyor). B\u00f6yleyken b\u00f6yle yani… Bir k\u0131z sevsem, istesem olmaz. \u00c7obana k\u0131z verilmez ki…\u201d<\/p>\n

\u00c7obanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr oldu\u011funu bilen \u00e7ok az insan kald\u0131. Oysa ki \u00e7obanl\u0131k koyun ke\u00e7i g\u00fctmekten \u00e7ok daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 ifade ediyor. De\u011fne\u011fiyle, kepene\u011fiyle, \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131yla, sanat\u0131yla ve belki de en \u00f6nemlisi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnme bi\u00e7imiyle \u00e7obanl\u0131k, insan\u0131n do\u011fayla kurdu\u011fu en hakiki ba\u011flardan…<\/p>\n

Siz hi\u00e7 s\u00f6\u011f\u00fct a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n h\u0131\u015f\u0131rt\u0131s\u0131na, \u015f\u0131r\u0131ldaya \u00e7\u0131nlaya akan dereye ve g\u00f6ky\u00fcz\u00fcndeki r\u00fczg\u00e2ra e\u015flik eden; ard\u0131ndan u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z da\u011flara s\u00f6k\u00fcn eden bir kaval sesi duydunuz mu? Siz hi\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131ng\u0131raklar\u0131n b\u00fclb\u00fcl seslerine kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve bir \u00e7oban\u0131n sarp kayal\u0131klara ke\u00e7i dilinde seslendi\u011fi bir sabaha uyand\u0131n\u0131z m\u0131? Bunlar\u0131 ya\u015famad\u0131ysan\u0131z bir daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn. Yitip giden sadece bir meslek de\u011fil, ayn\u0131 zamanda k\u00f6klerinizden gelen ya\u015fama sevinci.<\/p>\n

Anadolu tar\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc<\/p>\n

Ermenek\u2019in Alakise K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde y\u00fcksek bir noktadan kar\u015f\u0131 yama\u00e7lar\u0131 seyrediyorum. Yama\u00e7larla beni derin bir vadi ay\u0131r\u0131yor. Vadiden ge\u00e7en dere, \u00f6nce Ermenek \u00c7ay\u0131, ard\u0131ndan G\u00f6ksu ve nihayetinde Akdeniz ile bulu\u015fuyor. Kar\u015f\u0131 yama\u00e7lar g\u00f6z alabildi\u011fine geni\u015f meralarla kapl\u0131. Hen\u00fcz tam k\u0131\u015f inmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in b\u00f6lgeye \u00f6zg\u00fc k\u00fclrengi koyunlar ve ke\u00e7iler meralara inmemi\u015f. H\u00e2l\u00e2 yukar\u0131larda, yayladalar. Nas\u0131l ki su Toroslar\u0131 Akdeniz\u2019e ba\u011fl\u0131yorsa insanlar da yayladan denize kadar \u00fcretti\u011fi \u00fcr\u00fcnlerle birbirine ba\u011flanm\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Ermenek Vadisi\u2019nin bu b\u00f6lgesini dikkatle incelerseniz yaz\u0131lmadan \u00e7izilmeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ince bir arazi planlama anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcrs\u00fcn\u00fcz. Hen\u00fcz ad\u0131 konmam\u0131\u015f bu planlama y\u00f6nteminin izine asl\u0131nda Anadolu\u2019nun t\u00fcm kadim vadilerinde rastlan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bu vadide y\u00fcksekli\u011fe, bak\u0131ya ve suyun durumuna g\u00f6re her kar\u0131\u015f toprak bir vazife alm\u0131\u015f. \u0130nsan bir \u015fey \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in do\u011fay\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmemi\u015f, aksine, bir yerin do\u011fas\u0131na en uygun olan neyse orada onu yeti\u015ftirmi\u015f. Ermenek\u2019te insan \u00fcretirken do\u011fan\u0131n akl\u0131yla d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n

Yukar\u0131 Ermenek Havzas\u0131 benzersiz bir tar\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc miras\u0131. Burada tar\u0131m sanki co\u011frafyaya i\u015flenmi\u015f bir nak\u0131\u015f. Vadinin en \u00fcst kesimleri yayla olarak kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Koyun ve ke\u00e7iler s\u0131cak yaz g\u00fcnlerini bu bol otlu yerlerde ge\u00e7iriyor. Yaylan\u0131n kayal\u0131k noktalar\u0131ndaysa \u00f6zel ar\u0131 evleri var. Be\u015f on ah\u015fap kovan burada yaz\u0131 korunakl\u0131 \u015fekilde ge\u00e7iriyor. Biraz a\u015fa\u011f\u0131lara inildi\u011finde orman ba\u015fl\u0131yor. \u0130nsanlar\u0131n ihtiyac\u0131 kadar odun elde etti\u011fi, g\u00fcz aylar\u0131nda mantar toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve g\u00f6\u00e7 s\u0131ras\u0131nda hayvanlar\u0131n\u0131 otlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 iyi korunmu\u015f ormanlar.<\/p>\n

Daha alt kesimlerde hayvanlar\u0131n k\u0131\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 meralar ve tar\u0131m alanlar\u0131 uzan\u0131yor. E\u011fimli, suyu az ve topra\u011f\u0131 ince yama\u00e7lar hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Nispeten daha d\u00fcz, \u0131l\u0131man ve su kaynaklar\u0131na yak\u0131n yama\u00e7lardaysa tar\u0131m yap\u0131l\u0131yor. \u00d6lm\u00fc\u015f incir a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131na asmalar sar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve ad\u0131na barana denmi\u015f. \u00c7amlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda bir bak\u0131yorsun ki armut a\u011fac\u0131, alt\u0131nda sebzeler ve hemen yanlar\u0131nda bir arpa tarlas\u0131. Derken kiraz bah\u00e7eleri. \u0130\u00e7inden, kadim ark tekni\u011fiyle ta\u015f\u0131nan sular ak\u0131yor. Burada \u00f6yle bir tar\u0131m anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131 var ki do\u011fa nerede ba\u015fl\u0131yor, tarla nerede bitiyor; \u00e7o\u011fu zaman ay\u0131rt etmeniz m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil.<\/p>\n

Anadolu hi\u00e7bir zaman tar\u0131m\u0131 hayvanc\u0131l\u0131ktan koparmam\u0131\u015f. Tersine ikisi birbirini beslemi\u015f. \u00d6rne\u011fin bu vadide yayla ve meralardan toplanan hayvan g\u00fcbresi yama\u00e7larda arpa \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131yor. Arpaysa so\u011fuk g\u00fcnlerde hayvanlar i\u00e7in yem oluyor. Bu tar\u0131msal anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n bir di\u011fer \u00f6zelli\u011fiyse bir alanda birden fazla \u00fcr\u00fcn yeti\u015ftirilmemesi. \u00d6yle ki koyunlar kimi zaman meyve a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda otlat\u0131l\u0131yor ve b\u00f6ylece arazi do\u011fal olarak g\u00fcbreleniyor. Bir merada hem hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k, ar\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k ve meyvecilik yap\u0131l\u0131yor hem de yabani bitkiler toplan\u0131yor, k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k odun ihtiyac\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lan\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Anadolu \u00e7obanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve geleneksel \u00e7ift\u00e7ilerin en b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 belki de bu. Par\u00e7as\u0131 olduklar\u0131 tar\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ad\u0131n\u0131n konmam\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131, \u00f6nemsenmemesi, daha k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc yok farz edilmesi. Oysa hafife al\u0131nan, on bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n s\u00fcredir ya\u015fayan k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr: Anadolu tar\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/p>\n

Yenilik derken…<\/p>\n

Bir zamanlar nas\u0131l \u015fehirlerimizdeki tarihi evleri y\u0131k\u0131p yerlerine apartmanlar yapt\u0131ysak bug\u00fcn de ayn\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k i\u00e7in yap\u0131yoruz. G\u00fcn ge\u00e7miyor ki gazeteler bir tar\u0131msal yenili\u011fin (!) m\u00fcjdesini vermesin. K\u00f6yl\u00fcy\u00fc zengin edecek \u00fcr\u00fcn, bol s\u00fct veren ke\u00e7i, verimi art\u0131ran mucize makine ve karma\u015f\u0131k kelimelerle tan\u0131mlanan bir s\u00fcr\u00fc ba\u015fka kavram. Bu topraklarda yap\u0131lagelen do\u011fayla uyumlu tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131ktan hi\u00e7biri bahsetmiyor. Elleriyle tohumlar\u0131 saklay\u0131p \u00e7o\u011faltan kad\u0131nlara, Anadolu meralar\u0131n\u0131 bu g\u00fcne kadar korumu\u015f isimsiz \u00e7obanlara ve say\u0131s\u0131z canl\u0131ya hayat veren kadim tar\u0131m k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne dair en k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir kelam yok. Oysa k\u00f6k\u00fc olmayan bir a\u011fa\u00e7 kuruyup gitmez mi?<\/p>\n

Hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kta yenilik ve verimi art\u0131rma vaadi en fazla yerel hayvan \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini etkiledi. \u00c7ok say\u0131da evcil hayvan \u0131rk\u0131 yok olma noktas\u0131na geldi. \u00d6zellikle yerli s\u0131\u011f\u0131r t\u00fcrleri b\u00fcy\u00fck oranda kayboldu. Onlar\u0131n yerine a\u011f\u0131r girdi maliyeti olan ithal \u0131rklar te\u015fvik edildi ve k\u00f6yl\u00fc bor\u00e7land\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Bu durum, meralar\u0131 da olumsuz etkiledi. \u00d6zg\u00fcr dola\u015fan hayvanlar\u0131n yerini suni yem ve ila\u00e7larla ya\u015fat\u0131lan ithal \u0131rklar ald\u0131. Meralar bo\u015fald\u0131, kapal\u0131 hayvan \u00e7iftlikleri olu\u015ftu. Sonu\u00e7ta hem \u00fcretici zarar etti hem de t\u00fcketici sa\u011fl\u0131kl\u0131 s\u00fct \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine ula\u015famaz oldu. Daha da \u00f6nemlisi \u00e7obanl\u0131k k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hepten tehlike alt\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n

Hayvanlar\u0131n meralardan tecrit edilmesinin daha yayg\u0131n sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 da var. Do\u011fan\u0131n insans\u0131zla\u015fmas\u0131yla bo\u015f kalan alanlar, k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede enerji ve maden yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131yla alt yap\u0131 projelerinin istilas\u0131na u\u011frad\u0131.<\/p>\n

\u00c7oban duas\u0131<\/p>\n

\u00c7o\u011fumuz \u00e7oban\u0131 erkek olarak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr\u00fcz. Elinde de\u011fne\u011fi ve s\u0131rt\u0131nda kepene\u011fiyle s\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc g\u00fcden, da\u011flar\u0131 dola\u015fan \u00e7o\u011funlukla erkektir, bu do\u011fru. Ne var ki \u00e7oban k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn rehberi pek \u00e7ok yerde h\u00e2l\u00e2 kad\u0131nlar. Hayvanlar\u0131n a\u011f\u0131la al\u0131nmas\u0131, sa\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131 ve \u00e7o\u011falt\u0131lmas\u0131nda kad\u0131nlar \u00f6ne \u00e7\u0131kmayan ama belirleyici bir konuma sahip. Pek az\u0131 bilinse de yan\u0131nda kat\u0131r\u0131yla s\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kendi g\u00fcden kad\u0131n \u00e7obanlar da var.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6\u00e7er topluluklarda kad\u0131n do\u011fan\u0131n dilidir. Oban\u0131n di\u011fer t\u00fcm fertleri o dili dinler ve harfiyen uygular. Toroslar\u2019daki Sar\u0131ke\u00e7ililer ve Do\u011fu\u2019daki Ko\u00e7erler\u2019de s\u00fcr\u00fcye \u00e7o\u011fu zaman kad\u0131n rehberlik eder. \u00c7ad\u0131r ne zaman s\u00f6k\u00fclecek, nereye kurulacak, yaylaya ne zaman konulacak? Bu kararlar kad\u0131n muhakemesiyle verilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7oban, canl\u0131lar aras\u0131ndaki incitilmemesi gereken ba\u011flar\u0131 ve ad\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131n do\u011fadaki uyumu nas\u0131l etkiledi\u011fini \u00e7ok iyi bilir. Onun i\u00e7in zaman d\u00f6ng\u00fcseldir. Do\u011fa yaln\u0131zca a\u011fa\u00e7lar, ke\u00e7iler ve di\u011fer hayvanlardan ibaret de\u011fildir. O, t\u00fcm bunlar aras\u0131ndaki iyili\u011fe dayal\u0131 ili\u015fkilerin b\u00fct\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Sar\u0131ke\u00e7ili \u00e7obanlar\u0131, ya\u015fam\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 ayn\u0131 anda kucaklar ve \u015f\u00f6yle der:<\/p>\n

Buradaki t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar birbirine muhta\u00e7t\u0131r.Bu nedenle hepsi bir di\u011feri i\u00e7in dua eder. Ke\u00e7iler otlar i\u00e7in dua etmezse \u015fu da\u011flarda bir tek ot bitmez. Otlar ya\u011fmur i\u00e7in dua etmese g\u00f6kten tek damla su d\u00fc\u015fmez. O su ki hepimizin \u00f6z\u00fc; a\u011fac\u0131n, ke\u00e7inin, \u00e7oban\u0131n ve senin!<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131: G\u00fcven Eken<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 H\u00fcsamettin Bah\u00e7e<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 Magma Dergisi\u2019nin ikinci say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

G\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kapat, kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7! Uzun ve geni\u015f vadinin yama\u00e7lar\u0131 alabildi\u011fine b\u00fcy\u00fck ve ya\u015fl\u0131 zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla kapl\u0131. A\u011fa\u00e7lardan ikisi dip dibe bir kaya kenar\u0131ndan f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, beriki onlardan y\u00fcz metre uzakta \u00f6teki, bir tepenin s\u0131rt\u0131nda, tek ba\u015f\u0131na. Sanki \u015fu vadiyi kaplayan sahipli zeytinlikler de\u011fil de zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bir orman. G\u00fcz ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 vadiye d\u00fc\u015feli birka\u00e7 hafta olmu\u015f olmam\u0131\u015f […]<\/p>\n

Daha Fazlas\u0131n\u0131 Oku… from \u00c7oban<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":3809,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[561],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3807","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-doga-okulu"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"burcin.feran","author_link":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/author\/burcin-feran\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"G\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc kapat, kula\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7! Uzun ve geni\u015f vadinin yama\u00e7lar\u0131 alabildi\u011fine b\u00fcy\u00fck ve ya\u015fl\u0131 zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131yla kapl\u0131. A\u011fa\u00e7lardan ikisi dip dibe bir kaya kenar\u0131ndan f\u0131\u015fk\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, beriki onlardan y\u00fcz metre uzakta \u00f6teki, bir tepenin s\u0131rt\u0131nda, tek ba\u015f\u0131na. Sanki \u015fu vadiyi kaplayan sahipli zeytinlikler de\u011fil de zeytin a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131ndan bir orman. G\u00fcz ya\u011fmurlar\u0131 vadiye d\u00fc\u015feli birka\u00e7 hafta olmu\u015f olmam\u0131\u015f…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3807","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3807"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3807\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3807"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3807"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3807"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}