{"id":4294,"date":"2015-08-11T12:32:16","date_gmt":"2015-08-11T09:32:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dogaaskina.local\/?p=4294"},"modified":"2015-08-11T12:32:16","modified_gmt":"2015-08-11T09:32:16","slug":"anayurt-afrika","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/anayurt-afrika\/","title":{"rendered":"Anayurt Afrika"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"BD_MAGOO5_AFRIKA_0470_A\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Her g\u00fc\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha da g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015firsin.<\/p>\n

Olifants Nehri\u2019nin vadisine bakan \u0131ss\u0131z bir tepedeyim. Kavisli hatlar\u0131yla kayalar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan ak\u0131p giden nehir, u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z ve kurak bir co\u011frafyan\u0131n can damar\u0131. Nehrin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erek yere ve g\u00f6\u011fe yay\u0131lan suyun zerreleri etraf\u0131na \u00f6ylesine bereket sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ki da\u011f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131nda tarifi neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir canl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi do\u011fmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Nehirden tepelere ve oradan sarp kayal\u0131klara y\u00fckselen orman\u0131n her kat\u0131 birbirine b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7ok say\u0131da hayvan \u00e7e\u015fidiyle teyellenmi\u015f. Suyun milyarlarca y\u00fcz\u00fc ya\u015fam\u0131n g\u00fczelli\u011fini ispat edercesine Olifants Vadisi\u2019nden akarak evrene bak\u0131yor. Y\u0131l\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kurak, di\u011fer k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 oldu\u011fu bu co\u011frafyaya y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r hi\u00e7bir insan m\u00fcdahalesi yap\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f. Tek a\u011fa\u00e7 kesilmemi\u015f, yol a\u00e7\u0131lmam\u0131\u015f, yerle\u015fim yeri kurulmam\u0131\u015f.<\/p>\n

Kahverengi Orman<\/p>\n

Tam bunlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrken g\u00f6zlerim ormana kenetlendi. Birden buradaki a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131n ye\u015fil olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen orman\u0131n boz renkli g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc fark ettim. Biz onu hep ye\u015fil sansak da orman\u0131n ba\u015fka bir rengi olabilir miydi?<\/p>\n

Biraz daha dikkatli bakt\u0131m. Ormanda yeni do\u011fanlar kadar \u00f6len a\u011fa\u00e7lar da vard\u0131. Kurumu\u015f a\u011fa\u00e7lar, onlarca y\u0131l \u00e7\u00fcr\u00fcmeden kalarak en az ye\u015fil olanlar kadar yer kaplam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ya\u015fl\u0131 ve \u00f6l\u00fc a\u011fa\u00e7lar\u0131 ormandan kesip \u00e7\u0131kard\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z i\u00e7in bu g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc art\u0131k bizim do\u011fam\u0131zdan, zihnimizden silinmi\u015fti. Fakat \u00f6yleydi i\u015fte. Orman\u0131n as\u0131l rengi boz, kahverengi olmal\u0131yd\u0131. Bu nadir g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fc, Olifants Nehri\u2019nin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7ti\u011fi G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n Kruger Milli Park\u0131’nda ya\u015famaya devam ediyordu.<\/p>\n

B\u00fcy\u00fck Hayvanlar\u0131n K\u0131tas\u0131<\/p>\n

Afrika\u2019da korunan \u00fc\u00e7 bin alan var. B\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc neredeyse Trakya kadar olan Kruger Milli Park\u0131, en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve en eski olanlardan biri. Y\u00fcz y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcredir Kruger\u2019de turizm d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda hemen hi\u00e7bir insan faaliyeti yok. Kruger\u2019deki insans\u0131z ya\u015fam \u00f6ylesine geli\u015fmi\u015f ki s\u0131n\u0131rdaki arazi sahipleri tarlalar\u0131n\u0131 bir bir milli park idaresine kiral\u0131yor. \u00c7ok say\u0131da hayvan\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu alanda art\u0131k tar\u0131m yapmak m\u00fcmk\u00fcn de\u011fil. Kruger zaman i\u00e7inde Mozambik\u2019teki bir ba\u015fka korunan alanla da birle\u015fmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019n\u0131n bu b\u00f6lgesinden kuzeye do\u011fru uzanan; yer yer a\u011fa\u00e7l\u0131, y\u00fcksek otlu bozk\u0131rlara savana deniyor. Savanalar uzun boylu hayvalar\u0131n en yo\u011fun bulundu\u011fu, daha do\u011frusu ya\u015famaya devam etti\u011fi yerler. Fil, gergedan, aslan, leopar, su ayg\u0131r\u0131, timsah, deve ku\u015fu, zebra, z\u00fcrafa, babun maymunu ve y\u00fczlerce ba\u015fka canl\u0131 Afrika savanalar\u0131n\u0131n sahibi. Bu hayvanlar\u0131n d\u00fcnyan\u0131n ba\u015fka yerlerindeki akrabalar\u0131, av sonucunda neredeyse tamamen yok olmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

Savanalar\u0131n do\u011fusunda, biri kuzeyde, di\u011feri g\u00fcneyde, iki farkl\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6l ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131 uzan\u0131yor. Kuzeydeki Sahra, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6llerinden biri. Yedi bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar daha ya\u011f\u0131\u015fl\u0131 bir iklime ve verimli topraklara sahip olan Sahra, zaman i\u00e7erisinde kurakla\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7\u00f6l g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczdeki boyutlar\u0131na ula\u015fm\u0131\u015f. Afrika\u2019n\u0131n g\u00fcneybat\u0131s\u0131ndaysa Sahra\u2019ya g\u00f6re daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olan Kalahari ve Namib \u00e7\u00f6lleri var.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki \u00e7\u00f6l ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131n\u0131n aras\u0131, Kongo Havzas\u0131’n\u0131n ve Bat\u0131 Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131yla kapl\u0131. Hemen t\u00fcm co\u011frafya haritalar\u0131nda ye\u015fil renkle g\u00f6sterilen Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ya\u011fmur ormanlar\u0131 \u015fempanze ve goril gibi \u00e7ok say\u0131da maymunun yan\u0131s\u0131ra y\u00fczlerce ku\u015f t\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn ya\u015fam alan\u0131.<\/p>\n

K\u0131tan\u0131n kuzeyi ve g\u00fcneyindeki k\u0131y\u0131 b\u00f6lgesiyse ince bir Akdeniz bitki \u00f6rt\u00fcs\u00fc ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131yla kapl\u0131. K\u0131tan\u0131n kuzeyi, \u00f6zellikle de Atlas Da\u011flar\u0131, olduk\u00e7a kurak olsa da Akdeniz bitki ve hayvanlar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f alan\u0131. G\u00fcney Afrika\u2019daki Akdeniz bitki ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131na Finbos ad\u0131 veriliyor. Finbos, t\u0131pk\u0131 Anadolu\u2019daki gibi yazlar\u0131 kurakl\u0131\u011fa, k\u0131\u015flar\u0131ysa yo\u011fun ya\u011f\u0131\u015flara dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bitkilerden olu\u015fuyor.<\/p>\n

Bahsetti\u011fim t\u00fcm bu ya\u015fam alanlar\u0131 birbirine \u00e7ok say\u0131da nehirle kenetlenmi\u015f. Kongo ve Nil, k\u0131tan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck nehir havzalar\u0131. Kongo nehri k\u0131tan\u0131n ortas\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fudan bat\u0131ya, Nil ise Afrika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunu g\u00fcneyden kuzeye do\u011fru ba\u011fl\u0131yor. G\u00fcneydeki Zambezi, Okavango ve Oranje ile kuzeydeki Nijer ve Juba k\u0131tan\u0131n di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck nehirleri.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n Y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc<\/p>\n

Olifants Nehri\u2019nin vadisinden ba\u015flayarak Afrika\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm do\u011fu hatt\u0131nda uzanan savanalar\u0131n insan i\u00e7in ayr\u0131 yeri var. Savanalar, t\u0131pk\u0131 filler, gergedanlar ve zebralar gibi insan\u0131n da anayurdu. \u0130nsan, pek \u00e7ok ara\u015ft\u0131rmaya g\u00f6re yery\u00fcz\u00fcndeki uzun y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne tam buradan ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Nerede ya\u015farsa ya\u015fas\u0131n, hangi dili konu\u015fursa konu\u015fsun, yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn t\u00fcm insanlar\u0131n\u0131n k\u00f6kleri Afrika\u2019da. Bu u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z bozk\u0131rlarda.<\/p>\n

\u0130nsan\u0131n Do\u011fu Afrika\u2019dan ba\u015flayan y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f\u00fc k\u0131sa s\u00fcren bir yolculuk de\u011fil. Bize dair en eski bulgular Etiyopya, Omo Vadisi\u2019nde. 195 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce burada ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131za dair kal\u0131nt\u0131lar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015f. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 bin y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar yaln\u0131zca Afrika k\u0131tas\u0131nda ya\u015fayan ve burada yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f g\u00f6steren insan, bu zamandan sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f di\u011fer k\u0131talar\u0131 ke\u015ffetmi\u015f. Afrika\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusundan ba\u015flayarak kuzeyde Anadolu\u2019ya, Mara\u015f\u2019a kadar uzanan Rift Vadisi, pek \u00e7ok canl\u0131n\u0131n ve insan\u0131n Afrika\u2019dan yay\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir yol. \u0130nsan\u0131n bu do\u011fal yolu kullanarak \u00f6nce K\u0131z\u0131ldeniz\u2019in \u00f6te yan\u0131na, Arabistan\u2019a, Filistin\u2019e ve Anadolu\u2019ya ge\u00e7ti\u011fi ve buradan Asya\u2019ya uzand\u0131\u011f\u0131 tahmin ediliyor.<\/p>\n

\u0130lk insanlar, G\u00fcney Asya\u2019da 85 – 75 bin y\u0131l, Avustralya\u2019da 60 – 50 bin y\u0131l, Avrupa\u2019da 52 – 40 bin y\u0131l, Kuzey Asya\u2019da 40 – 25 bin y\u0131l, okyanus adalar\u0131nda 25 – 30 bin y\u0131l, Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131ndaysa 25 – 15 bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce ya\u015famaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f. Madagaskar ve Yeni Zelanda gibi b\u00fcy\u00fck adalaraysa ancak 1.500 y\u0131l \u00f6nce yerle\u015fmi\u015f.<\/p>\n

\u0130ki bin farkl\u0131 insan diliyle Afrika ayn\u0131 zamanda d\u00fcnyada en fazla dilin konu\u015fuldu\u011fu k\u0131ta. Bu dillerin y\u00fczde 13\u2019\u00fc yok olma tehlikesiyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya fakat di\u011fer diller kalabal\u0131k n\u00fcfuslarca konu\u015fulmaya devam ediyor. B\u00f6ylesine b\u00fcy\u00fck bir dil \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi, insan\u0131n d\u00fcnyaya Afrika\u2019dan yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 destekleyen bulgulardan biri.<\/p>\n

Afrika\u2019daki y\u00fcz bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fan ge\u00e7mi\u015fimiz k\u0131tan\u0131n hemen her yerinde ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc zengin k\u00fclt\u00fcr \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fiyle sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015f. K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc avlay\u0131c\u0131 toplay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131ktan, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131k topluluklar\u0131na kadar uzanan \u00e7ok say\u0131da Afrikal\u0131 halk var. Bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 bug\u00fcn de ya\u015f\u0131yor ve insan\u0131n \u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcn iyi oldu\u011funu ispat edercesine do\u011fayla uyumlu ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor. Sudan\u2019da ya\u015fayan ve s\u0131\u011f\u0131r \u00e7obanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapan Dinkalar\u2019\u0131n m\u00fczi\u011fi, do\u011fan\u0131n mayas\u0131n\u0131n birli\u011fe kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00e7e\u015fitlilik, \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fe kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015f birlik oldu\u011funu anlat\u0131r anlat\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00f6rkemli piramitleri, sfenksleri ve di\u011fer an\u0131t eserleriyle zihinlerimize kaz\u0131nan M\u0131s\u0131r Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Nil Nehri\u2019nin bereketli deltas\u0131 ve ta\u015fk\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00fczerine in\u015fa edilmi\u015f. M\u0131s\u0131r, di\u011fer pek \u00e7ok Afrikal\u0131 toplulu\u011fun tersine, merkezi hiyerar\u015fik ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin izlerini ta\u015f\u0131yor. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc modern ya\u015fam bi\u00e7iminin altl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturan pek \u00e7ok d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ve yenilik o y\u0131llarda M\u0131s\u0131r ve Bereketli Hilal\u2019deki di\u011fer co\u011frafyalarda do\u011fmu\u015f.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6lecilik<\/p>\n

Afrika\u2019da y\u00fcz bin y\u0131l\u0131 a\u015fk\u0131n bir s\u00fcre kendi i\u00e7inde \u00e7e\u015fitlenerek ve yay\u0131larak geli\u015fen k\u00fclt\u00fcrel yap\u0131, 600 y\u00fcz y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine kadar kesintisiz olarak devam etmi\u015f. \u0130nsan, t\u00fcm asli ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fan\u0131n i\u00e7inde rahat\u00e7a elde etmi\u015f ve k\u0131tan\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 do\u011fan\u0131n ayr\u0131lmaz par\u00e7as\u0131 olarak s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f.<\/p>\n

Ne var ki 600 y\u0131l \u00f6nce bamba\u015fka bir \u015fey olmu\u015f. Beyaz adam, Afrika\u2019y\u0131 yeniden ke\u015ffetmi\u015f! Y\u00fcz bin y\u0131l \u00f6nce Afrika\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 eden insanlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131, Afrikal\u0131 eski akrabalar\u0131 i\u00e7in karanl\u0131k bir plan yaparak anayurtlar\u0131na geri d\u00f6nm\u00fc\u015f. Tenleri beyazla\u015fm\u0131\u015f fakat belki de y\u00fcrekleri ziftlenmi\u015f olarak.<\/p>\n

\u201cAvrupal\u0131larla tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131ktan sonra Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ya\u015fad\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6z atmak durumu a\u00e7\u0131klamaya yeter. \u0130lk olarak 1444 y\u0131l\u0131nda ba\u015flayan ve 400 y\u0131ldan fazla s\u00fcren insan av\u0131, Afrika\u2019dan Amerika\u2019ya milyonlarca k\u00f6le ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. Tahminlere g\u00f6re, Amerika\u2019ya sa\u011f salim varan k\u00f6le say\u0131s\u0131 10-12 milyon civar\u0131ndayd\u0131. Sevkiyat s\u0131ras\u0131nda gemilerde \u00f6l\u00fcm oran\u0131 y\u00fczde 20 olarak hesaplan\u0131yordu. Daha gemilere bindirilmeden \u00f6lenlerin ya da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclenlerin haddi hesab\u0131 yoktu. Genellikle 15 ila 25 ya\u015f aras\u0131ndaki erkek ve kad\u0131nlar k\u00f6le olarak toplan\u0131yor, kabile ve k\u00f6ylerin di\u011fer sakinleri toptan katlediliyordu. Y\u00fcz binlerce insan k\u00f6le olmamak i\u00e7in evini topra\u011f\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rak\u0131p ula\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 zor b\u00f6lgelere ka\u00e7\u0131yor ve pek \u00e7o\u011fu bu yolculuk s\u0131ras\u0131nda ya da sonradan a\u00e7l\u0131k ve hastal\u0131ktan can veriyordu.\u201d<\/p>\n

Magma\u2019n\u0131n ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131 yazar\u0131 Kemal Tayfur, bir yaz\u0131s\u0131nda Afrika\u2019daki k\u00f6lelik d\u00fczenini b\u00f6yle \u00f6zetliyor. K\u00f6le ticareti nedeniyle Afrika\u2019da y\u00fcz milyondan fazla insan\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fc\u011f\u00fc veya yerinden edildi\u011fi tahmin ediliyor. Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n k\u00f6le ticareti tarifi imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir soyk\u0131r\u0131m oldu\u011fu kadar ayn\u0131 zamanda insan ve do\u011fa aras\u0131ndaki en b\u00fcy\u00fck kopmalardan biri. K\u00f6lelik d\u00fczeni, Afrika do\u011fa k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn uzant\u0131s\u0131 olan toplumlar\u0131 k\u00f6k\u00fcnden kaz\u0131yor ve o topluluklar\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6zl\u00fc birikimin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze ula\u015fmas\u0131n\u0131 engelliyor. Dahas\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn en k\u00f6kl\u00fc k\u00fclt\u00fcrel birikimine sahip toplumlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n di\u011fer insanlar\u0131n\u0131n nezdinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fclterek farkl\u0131 halklar aras\u0131ndaki ba\u011flar\u0131 lime lime ediyor. Di\u011fer deyi\u015fle d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131n\u0131 birbirinden kopar\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Her ne kadar k\u00f6leli\u011fin 1850\u2019lerden sonra kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylense de hakikat olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131. O tarihten sonra k\u00f6leli\u011fe zaten ihtiya\u00e7 kalm\u0131yor. Bat\u0131 1800\u2019lerin ortas\u0131na kadar Afrika\u2019dan \u00e7al\u0131nan insan eme\u011fini kullanarak teknolojik d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc tamaml\u0131yor ve insan\u0131n yerini yava\u015f yava\u015f makineler almaya ba\u015fl\u0131yor. K\u00f6le \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak giderek daha pahal\u0131 bir hale geliyor. Maa\u015fl\u0131 i\u015fg\u00fcc\u00fc ve makinelerin birlikte kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 sistem \u00e7ok daha ekonomik bir i\u015fletim modeli olarak ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor. B\u00f6ylece d\u00f6rt y\u00fcz y\u0131l s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fckten sonra Afrika insanlar\u0131 \u201c\u00f6zg\u00fcrle\u015ftiriliyor\u201d. Dahas\u0131 Avrupa i\u00e7inde k\u00f6lelik kalksa da \u0130ngiliz k\u00f6le t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 mesleklerine devam ederek neredeyse yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar d\u00fcnyan\u0131n farkl\u0131 yerlerine insan pazarl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

K\u00f6lelik art\u0131k ismen ortadan kalkm\u0131\u015fsa da Afrika\u2019n\u0131n pek \u00e7ok yerindeki s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc d\u00fczeni yerinde duruyor. 1450\u2019lerden 1850\u2019lere kadar kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 ucuz insan g\u00fcc\u00fc sayesinde Avrupa ve Amerika\u2019da olu\u015fan ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc sermaye birikimi, Afrika\u2019n\u0131n t\u00fcm kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 diledi\u011fi gibi t\u00fcketiyor. \u00dcstelik bu sefer Amerika ve Avrupal\u0131lar’\u0131n yan\u0131na \u00c7in, Rus, Arap ve T\u00fcrk sermayesi de eklenmi\u015f durumda. T\u00fcm bu sermaye gruplar\u0131 ucuz hammadde ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 Afrika \u00fczerinden temin etmekle kalm\u0131yor ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00e7e\u015fitli misyoner \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerle kendi dini ve s\u0131n\u0131fsal ideolojilerini Afrika halklar\u0131 aras\u0131nda yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

Televizyonlara yans\u0131yan Afrikal\u0131 a\u00e7 \u00e7ocuk g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcleri sanki Afrika\u2019n\u0131n ay\u0131b\u0131ym\u0131\u015f veya kurak do\u011fan\u0131n kabahatiymi\u015f gibi anlat\u0131l\u0131yor. Oysa o \u00e7ocuk, a\u00e7g\u00f6zl\u00fc bir ya\u015fam bi\u00e7imini doyurdu\u011fu i\u00e7in a\u00e7. Hem de tam alt\u0131 y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r! K\u0131tadaki milyonlarca d\u00f6n\u00fcm verimli tar\u0131m arazisi ve hatta deniz alanlar\u0131 Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketler taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f veya uzun y\u0131llar i\u00e7in kiralanm\u0131\u015f. Burada yeti\u015ftirilen \u00fcr\u00fcnler hemen hi\u00e7bir Afrikal\u0131’ya ula\u015fmadan do\u011frudan zengin \u00fclkelere ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131yor ve orada sat\u0131l\u0131yor.<\/p>\n

K\u0131tada hi\u00e7 bitmeyen sava\u015flar da ayn\u0131 oyunun par\u00e7as\u0131. Binlerce y\u0131l do\u011fadaki di\u011fer canl\u0131lar ve birbiriyle uyum i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan Afrika halklar\u0131 bug\u00fcn uluslararas\u0131 silah t\u00fcccarlar\u0131 ve i\u00e7 sava\u015flar\u0131n pen\u00e7esinde. A\u00e7l\u0131ktan veya k\u00f6t\u00fc ko\u015fullarda maden \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131rken ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 yitirmeyen Afrikal\u0131 i\u00e7in haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015f bir ihtimal daha var, o da ba\u015fka bir Afrikal\u0131’y\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrmek.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u0131s\u0131nmas\u0131, ye\u015fil Sahra\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6le d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Kapitalizm ve uzant\u0131s\u0131 modernizm ise t\u00fcm Afrika\u2019y\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6le d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcrmek \u00fczere… \u0130nsanlar\u0131, filleri, gorilleri ve di\u011fer t\u00fcm canl\u0131lar\u0131 a\u00e7l\u0131k ve susuzluktan kavurarak.<\/p>\n

Fil g\u00f6z\u00fc<\/p>\n

Savanada seyahat etti\u011fim g\u00fcnlerin birinde arkada\u015flar\u0131mdan ayr\u0131larak tellerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda birka\u00e7 k\u00f6y\u00fc g\u00f6rebilece\u011fim yerleri ziyaret etmi\u015ftim. Kiralad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck binek araban\u0131n i\u00e7inde, toprak yollarda seyrediyordum. Uzakta, otlar\u0131n aras\u0131nda dola\u015fan deveku\u015flar\u0131 g\u00f6rd\u00fcm. Yakla\u015fmak i\u00e7in bir patikaya sapt\u0131m ve toprak yoldan uzakla\u015ft\u0131m. Yol \u00e7ok dard\u0131 ve araba k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen zor ge\u00e7iyordu. Kuytu bir yer buldum. Arabadan indim ve d\u00fcrb\u00fcn\u00fcme sar\u0131ld\u0131m. \u0130yice yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m deveku\u015flar\u0131na bakt\u0131m. Hava s\u0131cakt\u0131. Yak\u0131yordu. Birden \u00fczerimde bir karalt\u0131 hissettim. Bir bulut olmal\u0131 dedim. Karalt\u0131 \u00f6ylece dondu. \u00d6yle bir an geldi ki bu bulut olamaz dedim. \u00dcrperdim. \u201cOlmamal\u0131!\u201d diye d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fcm. \u201cBu, o olmamal\u0131.”. Kan\u0131 donmu\u015f insan\u0131n yava\u015fl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla arkam\u0131 d\u00f6nd\u00fcm. Tam kar\u015f\u0131mdayd\u0131. Buraya geldi\u011fim ilk g\u00fcnden beri en \u00e7ok uzak durmam gerekti\u011fi s\u00f6ylenen \u015feyle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131m: bir erkek fil.<\/p>\n

Arabaya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nabilecek mesafedeydim. Fakat anlams\u0131zd\u0131. Filin g\u00f6z\u00fcnden bak\u0131nca araba incecik bir teneke kutuydu. Ka\u00e7mak zaten anlams\u0131zd\u0131. O an, anneannemin evindeki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck fil heykelciklerini hat\u0131rlad\u0131m. Yan yana dizilmi\u015f, eve bereket getirsin diye pencereden d\u0131\u015far\u0131 bakan filler. Ne tuhaf! Filler hakk\u0131nda onca \u015fey okuduktan sonra saniyeden de k\u0131sa bir anda akl\u0131ma ilk gelen \u015fey o bereket filleri olmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n

Buraya geldi\u011fimde bir fille kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rsam yapmam gereken \u015fey bana s\u00f6ylenmi\u015fti. Ben de onu yapt\u0131m. Sadece durdum. Arada g\u00f6zlerine bakt\u0131m erkek filin. Sonra ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131m g\u00f6zlerimi. Tekrar bakt\u0131m. Sonra birden akl\u0131ma geldi. Belki de o benden, benim ondan korktu\u011fumdan daha \u00e7ok korkuyordu. Bilemedim. O ne d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnd\u00fc, ne biliyordu h\u00e2l\u00e2 bilmiyorum. Tek bildi\u011fim, k\u0131l\u0131ma bile zarar vermeden arkas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6n\u00fcp gitti\u011fi.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc kullanmayan, g\u00fc\u00e7 kullanandan daha g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fcd\u00fcr. Afrika\u2019dan d\u00f6nerken defterime bu notu d\u00fc\u015fm\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm. San\u0131r\u0131m o erkek filden \u00f6\u011frendim bunu. Belki bunun tersi de ge\u00e7erli: her g\u00fc\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015firsin. Afrika\u2019daki beyaz insan\u0131n tarihi biraz da bunu anlat\u0131yor. \u0130nsan! Alt\u0131 y\u00fcz y\u0131ld\u0131r anayurdundaki hayatlara h\u00e2kim olmak i\u00e7in her g\u00fcn daha fazla g\u00fc\u00e7 harcayan. G\u00fc\u00e7lenece\u011fine, her g\u00fcn daha da g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015fen. Say\u0131ca \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131k\u00e7a yaln\u0131zla\u015fan. Kim o? \u0130nsan.<\/p>\n

As\u0131rlard\u0131r hi\u00e7 bitmeyen bu k\u0131y\u0131m\u0131n i\u00e7inden yine de umudu bulup ye\u015fertmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn m\u00fc peki? Yan\u0131t, evet. Bunu ben demiyorum. Dinkalar s\u00f6yl\u00fcyor. Hadzabeler ya\u015fat\u0131yor. Onlar\u0131n \u00e7izdi\u011fi resimler, anlatt\u0131klar\u0131 hik\u00e2yeler, s\u00f6yledi\u011fi \u015fark\u0131lar. Hep ayn\u0131 \u015feyi anlat\u0131yor. \u0130nad\u0131na umut. \u0130nad\u0131na iyilik. \u0130nad\u0131na do\u011fa. \u0130nad\u0131na i\u00e7imizdeki Afrika!<\/p>\n

Dinle bak, sen de duyacaks\u0131n.<\/p>\n

Yaz\u0131: G\u00fcven Eken<\/p>\n

Foto\u011fraf:\u00a0\u00a9 Burak Do\u011fan Soysal<\/p>\n

Bu yaz\u0131 Magma Dergisi\u2019nin be\u015finci say\u0131s\u0131nda yay\u0131nlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Her g\u00fc\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha da g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015firsin. Olifants Nehri\u2019nin vadisine bakan \u0131ss\u0131z bir tepedeyim. Kavisli hatlar\u0131yla kayalar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan ak\u0131p giden nehir, u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z ve kurak bir co\u011frafyan\u0131n can damar\u0131. Nehrin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erek yere ve g\u00f6\u011fe yay\u0131lan suyun zerreleri etraf\u0131na \u00f6ylesine bereket sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ki da\u011f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131nda tarifi neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir canl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi do\u011fmu\u015f. Nehirden tepelere ve […]<\/p>\n

Daha Fazlas\u0131n\u0131 Oku… from Anayurt Afrika<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":4296,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[561],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4294","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-doga-okulu"],"acf":[],"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":false,"thumbnail":false,"medium":false,"medium_large":false,"large":false,"1536x1536":false,"2048x2048":false},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"dogaokulu","author_link":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/author\/dogaokulu\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"Her g\u00fc\u00e7 kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda daha da g\u00fc\u00e7s\u00fczle\u015firsin. Olifants Nehri\u2019nin vadisine bakan \u0131ss\u0131z bir tepedeyim. Kavisli hatlar\u0131yla kayalar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan ak\u0131p giden nehir, u\u00e7suz bucaks\u0131z ve kurak bir co\u011frafyan\u0131n can damar\u0131. Nehrin i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7erek yere ve g\u00f6\u011fe yay\u0131lan suyun zerreleri etraf\u0131na \u00f6ylesine bereket sa\u011flam\u0131\u015f ki da\u011f\u0131n ta\u015f\u0131n ba\u011fr\u0131nda tarifi neredeyse imk\u00e2ns\u0131z bir canl\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi do\u011fmu\u015f. Nehirden tepelere ve…","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4294","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/17"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4294"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4294\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4294"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4294"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/dogadernegi.org\/tr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4294"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}